ATI NOTES FOR YOUR SUCCESS

PHARMACOLOGY ANTAGONISTS → Drugs that allow the body’s neurotransmitters, hormones, and other regulators to perform the jobs they are supposed to perform (i.e. Morphine sulfate is an opioid agonist that works on mu receptor) Antagonists → Prevent the body from performing a function that it would normally perform (i.e. Narcan) • I.e. Narcan ANTIDOTES • Muscarinic agonists, cholinesterase inhibitors → Bethanechol, Neostigine • Atropine • Anticholinergic drugs (Atropine) → Phyosostigmine • Digoxin, digitoxin → Digibind • Warfarin (Coumadin) → Vitamin K • Heparin → Protamine sulfate • Insulin-induced hypoglycemia → Glucagon • Acetaminophen (Tylenol) → Acetylcysteine ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENTS ELECTROLYTE INFORMATION REGARDING SUPPLEMENTS Sodium → 135-145 mEq/L • Major electrolyte in extracellular fluid Administer isotonic IV therapy of 0.9% normal saline or Ringer’s lactateHyponatremia → ↑HR, ↓BP, confusion, fatigue, N/V, headache Hypernatremia → ↑HR, muscle twitching/weakness, GI upset Potassium → 3.5-5.0 mEq/L • Essential for maintainingelectrical excitability of muscle, conduction of nerve impulses, and regulation of acid/base balance *Kayexalate for hyperK • Potassium chloride (K-Dur) • Oral or IV administration • NEVER give IV push to avoid fatal hyperkalemia • Dilute potassium and give no more than 40 mEq/L per IV toprevent irritation of vein • Administer no faster than 10 mEq/L per IV • Concurrent use with potassium-sparing diuretics or ACE inhibitorscan cause hyperkalemia Hypokalemia → Dysrhythmias, muscle weakness/cramps,constipation/ileus, hypotension, weak pulse