1430 FINAL || All Questions Answered Correctly.

*SLEEP* Interventions to promote sleep correct answers - Help clients establish and follow a bedtime routine - Limit walking clients during the night - Promote a quiet hospital environment - Help with personal hygiene needs or a back rub prior to sleep to increase comfort - Consider continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices for clients who have sleep apnea - Consult the provider about trying sleep-promoting over-the-counter products (melatonin, valerian, chamomile) - As a last resort, suggest that the provider prescribe a pharmacological agent. Medications of choice for insomnia are benzodiazepine-like medications, which include the sedative-hypnotics zolpidem, eszopiclone, and zaleplon. *Client Education* - Exercise regularly at least 2 hr before bedtime. - Establish a bedtime routine and a regular sleep pattern - Arrange the sleep environment for comfort - Limit alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine at least 4 hr before bedtime - Limit fluids 2 to 4 hr. before bedtime - Engage in muscle relaxation if anxious or stressed *Newborns and Infants* *Sleep Pattern* Newborn: Sleeps an average of 16 hours/24 hours; averages about 4 hours at a time. Each infant's sleep pattern is unique. On average, infants sleep 10 to 12 hours at night, with several naps during the day. Usually by 8 to 16 weeks of age, an infant sleeps through the night. REM sleep constitutes much of the sleep cycle of a young infant. *Nursing Implications* Teach parents to position infant on the back. This is the only safe sleeping position for infants less than 1 year old. Sleeping in the prone position increases the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Advise parents that eye movements, groaning, grimacing, and moving are normal activities at this age. Encourage parents to have infant sleep in a separate area rather than their bed. Caution parents about placing pillows, crib bumpers, quilts, stu *SLEEP* Circadian rhythm correct answers Rhythm that completes a full cycle every 24 hours; synonym for diurnal rhythm. The reticular activating system (RAS) and the bulbar synchronizing region, are believed to work together to control the cyclic nature of sleep. Rhythmic biologic clocks are known to exist in plants, animals, and humans. Influenced by both internal and external factors, they regulate certain biologic and behavioral functions in humans. Some cycles are monthly, such as a woman's menstrual cycle. Circadian rhythms complete a full cycle every 24 hours. "Circa" in Latin means "approximately" and "diem" is the Latin word for "day"; circadian represents approximately 1 day (Porth, 2011).