Concepts and theory building in nursing
and midwifery
Doel van deze cursus:
- Discussiëren over de structuur van theorieën
- Discussiëren over de ontwikkeling van de kennis
- Discussiëren over menselijk redeneren
1. Nursing and midwifery: Scientific practice disciplines ............................................................ 6
De evolutie van verpleegkunde ....................................................................................................... 6
Definitie van verpleegkunde ........................................................................................................... 6
definities van vroedkunde ............................................................................................................... 7
Disciplines ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Definitie van verpleegwetenschap .................................................................................................. 8
Material object of nursing science .................................................................................................. 9
Twee modellen van de wetenschap................................................................................................. 9
2. Place and function of theory building in professional nursing and midwifery ...................... 10
Reden voor theorievorming .......................................................................................................... 10
functies van theorievorming ......................................................................................................... 10
Functie: ordenen van losstaande fenomenen tot een betekenisvol fenomeen .......................... 10
Functie: Een start voor nieuwe vragen en hypothesen .............................................................. 10
Kenniscyclus ................................................................................................................................. 11
Ebn ............................................................................................................................................... 11
3. Evidence-based practice ....................................................................................................... 12
Waarom moeten we praten over EBM? ........................................................................................ 12
Hoe groot is het besproken gat? ................................................................................................... 12
Waarom is dit een probleem en waarom denken we dat ebp hiervoor een oplossing kan zijn? ...... 12
Waarom moeten we ebp implementeren, en wat gebeurt er als we het niet doen?....................... 12
Hoe doet men aan ebp? ................................................................................................................ 13
1. Ask ................................................................................................................................. 13
2. Acces .............................................................................................................................. 13
3. Appraise ......................................................................................................................... 13
4. Apply .............................................................................................................................. 14
5. Assess............................................................................................................................. 14
1
, Hoe de 5 stappen implementeren?................................................................................................ 14
Samengevat ................................................................................................................................. 14
4. Terminologie in verpleegkundig theoretiseren ..................................................................... 16
Definitie van een theorie............................................................................................................... 16
Structuur definitie ..................................................................................................................... 16
Doel definitie ............................................................................................................................ 16
Voorlopigheidsdefinitie ............................................................................................................. 16
Onderzoek definitie................................................................................................................... 16
Definitie van een verpleegkundige theorie .................................................................................... 16
Terminologie ................................................................................................................................ 17
Meta-paradigma ....................................................................................................................... 17
Philosophy ................................................................................................................................ 18
Nursing philosophy .............................................................................................................................. 18
Conceptual models ................................................................................................................... 20
Conceptual models in nursing .............................................................................................................. 20
Theorieën ................................................................................................................................. 21
Nursing theories: ................................................................................................................................. 21
Buidling blocks of theories ................................................................................................................... 21
Grand theory............................................................................................................................. 22
Middle range theory ................................................................................................................. 23
Practice theory .......................................................................................................................... 23
Terminologie 2.............................................................................................................................. 23
Building blocks of theories ............................................................................................................ 24
Kenniscyclus ................................................................................................................................. 24
5. Logisch redeneren ................................................................................................................. 25
Inductie ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Deductie ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Hypothetisch deductief ................................................................................................................. 26
Retroductie................................................................................................................................... 26
6. Logical Fallacy ....................................................................................................................... 27
Wat is het? ................................................................................................................................... 27
24 logical fallacies ........................................................................................................................ 27
1. Bandwagon approach ..................................................................................................... 27
2. Loaded question ............................................................................................................. 27
2
, 3. Anecdotal ....................................................................................................................... 27
4. Ambiguity ....................................................................................................................... 28
5. Fallacy fallacy ................................................................................................................. 28
6. Straw man ...................................................................................................................... 28
7. Genetics ......................................................................................................................... 28
8. Appeal to emotion aka Ad populum................................................................................ 28
9. Slippery slope ................................................................................................................. 28
10. Ad hominem ................................................................................................................... 29
11. Tu quoque ...................................................................................................................... 29
12. Burden of proof .............................................................................................................. 29
13. Appeals to authority ....................................................................................................... 29
14. Middle ground ................................................................................................................ 29
15. Circular arugument – Begging the question .................................................................... 30
16. Either/or aka Black-or-white ........................................................................................... 30
17. False cause aka post hoc popter hoc ............................................................................... 30
18. Personal incredulity ........................................................................................................ 30
19. Texas sharpshooter ........................................................................................................ 30
20. Appeal to nature............................................................................................................. 30
21. Gambler’s fallacy ............................................................................................................ 31
22. Special pleading .............................................................................................................. 31
23. No true scotsman ........................................................................................................... 31
24. Composition/Division ..................................................................................................... 31
Extra logiscal fallacies................................................................................................................... 32
Red herring ............................................................................................................................... 32
7. Concepts and concept analysis ............................................................................................. 33
Wat zijn concepten ....................................................................................................................... 33
Functie van concepten .................................................................................................................. 33
Het belang van concepten ............................................................................................................ 33
Verschillende soorten concepten à goed kennen ........................................................................ 33
Kaplan....................................................................................................................................... 34
Primitive concepts ............................................................................................................................... 34
Concrete concepts ............................................................................................................................... 34
Abstracte concepts .............................................................................................................................. 34
Dubin ........................................................................................................................................ 34
Enumerative ‘unit’/concept.................................................................................................................. 35
3
, Associative concept ............................................................................................................................. 35
Relational concept ............................................................................................................................... 35
Statistical concept................................................................................................................................ 35
Summative concept ............................................................................................................................. 35
Elementen van concepten ............................................................................................................. 35
Het gebruik van concepten ........................................................................................................... 36
Concepten in de dagelijkse taal ................................................................................................. 36
Concepten in de wetenschappelijke taal ................................................................................... 37
Hoe kunnen we concepten begrijpen ............................................................................................ 38
1. Hoe mature (volgroeid) is een concept?.......................................................................... 38
A. Methode: Principle based concept analyse ............................................................................... 39
i. Episemologic principle .............................................................................................................. 39
ii. Pragmatic principle................................................................................................................... 39
iii. Linguistic principle ................................................................................................................ 39
iv. Logical principle .................................................................................................................... 39
2. Wat is de betekenis van het concept? ............................................................................. 40
A. Kwantitatief onderzoek/ meta-analyse.................................................................................. 40
B. Walker & Avant’s methode van concept analyse ....................................................................... 40
C. Hybrid model of concept analyse (Schwartz-Barcott and Kim) ................................................... 42
D. Evolutionary concept analysis (Rodgers)................................................................................ 42
Samengevat ................................................................................................................................. 43
8. Analysis of relational statements and proportions ............................................................... 44
Bouwstenen van de theorie: ......................................................................................................... 44
Analyse van de relationele statements .......................................................................................... 44
9. Effect Sizes ............................................................................................................................ 47
Significant of niet significant ......................................................................................................... 47
Effect sizes.................................................................................................................................... 48
conclusie ...................................................................................................................................... 49
10. Thinking, Fast and slow: Daniel Kahneman ........................................................................... 50
Systeem 1 versus Systeem 2 .......................................................................................................... 50
Activiteiten systeem 1: .................................................................................................................. 50
Activiteiten systeem 2: .................................................................................................................. 51
Aandacht: ..................................................................................................................................... 51
Factoren die ons denken beïnvloed ............................................................................................... 51
Egodepletie ............................................................................................................................... 51
4
and midwifery
Doel van deze cursus:
- Discussiëren over de structuur van theorieën
- Discussiëren over de ontwikkeling van de kennis
- Discussiëren over menselijk redeneren
1. Nursing and midwifery: Scientific practice disciplines ............................................................ 6
De evolutie van verpleegkunde ....................................................................................................... 6
Definitie van verpleegkunde ........................................................................................................... 6
definities van vroedkunde ............................................................................................................... 7
Disciplines ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Definitie van verpleegwetenschap .................................................................................................. 8
Material object of nursing science .................................................................................................. 9
Twee modellen van de wetenschap................................................................................................. 9
2. Place and function of theory building in professional nursing and midwifery ...................... 10
Reden voor theorievorming .......................................................................................................... 10
functies van theorievorming ......................................................................................................... 10
Functie: ordenen van losstaande fenomenen tot een betekenisvol fenomeen .......................... 10
Functie: Een start voor nieuwe vragen en hypothesen .............................................................. 10
Kenniscyclus ................................................................................................................................. 11
Ebn ............................................................................................................................................... 11
3. Evidence-based practice ....................................................................................................... 12
Waarom moeten we praten over EBM? ........................................................................................ 12
Hoe groot is het besproken gat? ................................................................................................... 12
Waarom is dit een probleem en waarom denken we dat ebp hiervoor een oplossing kan zijn? ...... 12
Waarom moeten we ebp implementeren, en wat gebeurt er als we het niet doen?....................... 12
Hoe doet men aan ebp? ................................................................................................................ 13
1. Ask ................................................................................................................................. 13
2. Acces .............................................................................................................................. 13
3. Appraise ......................................................................................................................... 13
4. Apply .............................................................................................................................. 14
5. Assess............................................................................................................................. 14
1
, Hoe de 5 stappen implementeren?................................................................................................ 14
Samengevat ................................................................................................................................. 14
4. Terminologie in verpleegkundig theoretiseren ..................................................................... 16
Definitie van een theorie............................................................................................................... 16
Structuur definitie ..................................................................................................................... 16
Doel definitie ............................................................................................................................ 16
Voorlopigheidsdefinitie ............................................................................................................. 16
Onderzoek definitie................................................................................................................... 16
Definitie van een verpleegkundige theorie .................................................................................... 16
Terminologie ................................................................................................................................ 17
Meta-paradigma ....................................................................................................................... 17
Philosophy ................................................................................................................................ 18
Nursing philosophy .............................................................................................................................. 18
Conceptual models ................................................................................................................... 20
Conceptual models in nursing .............................................................................................................. 20
Theorieën ................................................................................................................................. 21
Nursing theories: ................................................................................................................................. 21
Buidling blocks of theories ................................................................................................................... 21
Grand theory............................................................................................................................. 22
Middle range theory ................................................................................................................. 23
Practice theory .......................................................................................................................... 23
Terminologie 2.............................................................................................................................. 23
Building blocks of theories ............................................................................................................ 24
Kenniscyclus ................................................................................................................................. 24
5. Logisch redeneren ................................................................................................................. 25
Inductie ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Deductie ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Hypothetisch deductief ................................................................................................................. 26
Retroductie................................................................................................................................... 26
6. Logical Fallacy ....................................................................................................................... 27
Wat is het? ................................................................................................................................... 27
24 logical fallacies ........................................................................................................................ 27
1. Bandwagon approach ..................................................................................................... 27
2. Loaded question ............................................................................................................. 27
2
, 3. Anecdotal ....................................................................................................................... 27
4. Ambiguity ....................................................................................................................... 28
5. Fallacy fallacy ................................................................................................................. 28
6. Straw man ...................................................................................................................... 28
7. Genetics ......................................................................................................................... 28
8. Appeal to emotion aka Ad populum................................................................................ 28
9. Slippery slope ................................................................................................................. 28
10. Ad hominem ................................................................................................................... 29
11. Tu quoque ...................................................................................................................... 29
12. Burden of proof .............................................................................................................. 29
13. Appeals to authority ....................................................................................................... 29
14. Middle ground ................................................................................................................ 29
15. Circular arugument – Begging the question .................................................................... 30
16. Either/or aka Black-or-white ........................................................................................... 30
17. False cause aka post hoc popter hoc ............................................................................... 30
18. Personal incredulity ........................................................................................................ 30
19. Texas sharpshooter ........................................................................................................ 30
20. Appeal to nature............................................................................................................. 30
21. Gambler’s fallacy ............................................................................................................ 31
22. Special pleading .............................................................................................................. 31
23. No true scotsman ........................................................................................................... 31
24. Composition/Division ..................................................................................................... 31
Extra logiscal fallacies................................................................................................................... 32
Red herring ............................................................................................................................... 32
7. Concepts and concept analysis ............................................................................................. 33
Wat zijn concepten ....................................................................................................................... 33
Functie van concepten .................................................................................................................. 33
Het belang van concepten ............................................................................................................ 33
Verschillende soorten concepten à goed kennen ........................................................................ 33
Kaplan....................................................................................................................................... 34
Primitive concepts ............................................................................................................................... 34
Concrete concepts ............................................................................................................................... 34
Abstracte concepts .............................................................................................................................. 34
Dubin ........................................................................................................................................ 34
Enumerative ‘unit’/concept.................................................................................................................. 35
3
, Associative concept ............................................................................................................................. 35
Relational concept ............................................................................................................................... 35
Statistical concept................................................................................................................................ 35
Summative concept ............................................................................................................................. 35
Elementen van concepten ............................................................................................................. 35
Het gebruik van concepten ........................................................................................................... 36
Concepten in de dagelijkse taal ................................................................................................. 36
Concepten in de wetenschappelijke taal ................................................................................... 37
Hoe kunnen we concepten begrijpen ............................................................................................ 38
1. Hoe mature (volgroeid) is een concept?.......................................................................... 38
A. Methode: Principle based concept analyse ............................................................................... 39
i. Episemologic principle .............................................................................................................. 39
ii. Pragmatic principle................................................................................................................... 39
iii. Linguistic principle ................................................................................................................ 39
iv. Logical principle .................................................................................................................... 39
2. Wat is de betekenis van het concept? ............................................................................. 40
A. Kwantitatief onderzoek/ meta-analyse.................................................................................. 40
B. Walker & Avant’s methode van concept analyse ....................................................................... 40
C. Hybrid model of concept analyse (Schwartz-Barcott and Kim) ................................................... 42
D. Evolutionary concept analysis (Rodgers)................................................................................ 42
Samengevat ................................................................................................................................. 43
8. Analysis of relational statements and proportions ............................................................... 44
Bouwstenen van de theorie: ......................................................................................................... 44
Analyse van de relationele statements .......................................................................................... 44
9. Effect Sizes ............................................................................................................................ 47
Significant of niet significant ......................................................................................................... 47
Effect sizes.................................................................................................................................... 48
conclusie ...................................................................................................................................... 49
10. Thinking, Fast and slow: Daniel Kahneman ........................................................................... 50
Systeem 1 versus Systeem 2 .......................................................................................................... 50
Activiteiten systeem 1: .................................................................................................................. 50
Activiteiten systeem 2: .................................................................................................................. 51
Aandacht: ..................................................................................................................................... 51
Factoren die ons denken beïnvloed ............................................................................................... 51
Egodepletie ............................................................................................................................... 51
4
