Honors Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide Graded A+

Mole - Answer-SI unit for measuring the amount of substance; Molar Mass - Answer-the mass of a mole of an element Representative particles - Answer-refers to the species present in a substance: usually atoms, molecules, or formula units Avogadro's number - Answer-the number of representative particles in a mole Avogadro's hypothesis - Answer-states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles Molar volume - Answer-the quantity, 22.4 L Dimensional analysis - Answer-mole to mass, mole to volume Percent Composition - Answer-percent by mass of each element in the compound by which the relative amounts of the elements in a compound are expressed STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) - Answer-a temperature of 0˚C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa, or 1 atmosphere (atm) Empirical formula - Answer-the basic ratio gives the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms of the elements contained in the compound Molecular formula - Answer-either the same as its experimentally determined empirical formula, or it is a simple whole-number multiple of its empirical formual Types of reactions - Answer-the five general types of reaction are combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustionSingle replacement - Answer-a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound Double replacement - Answer-a chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds Combination - Answer-a chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance Decomposition - Answer-a chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products Combustion - Answer-a chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products Predicting products - Answer-the number of elements and/or compounds reacting is a good indicator of possible reaction type and thus possible products