Patho study guide 2024 Questions and Answers 100% pass

Patho study guide 2024 Questions and Answers 100% pass Pateint has experienced significant blood loss due to an injury incurred in a car accident. Which physiological response is to be expected. - Answer- ADH is produced in response to hypovolemia and stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water to compensate for fluid loss. Respiratory rate increases during exercise. How does this allow the body to maintain a homeostatic pH level? - Answer- Increased exhalation of CO2 helps to increase pH. A patient's arterial blood gas results show low pH and low CO2. The patient has an increased respiratory rate. What is the name of the patient's condition. - Answer- Metabolic acidosis A patient has type 1 diabetes and has developed kidney disease requiring dialysis. The patient is diligent in caring for themselves and wants to maintain as much independence as possible. What course of treatment would address the kidney disease and all the patient to care for this condition at home? - Answer- Peritoneal dialysis A patient has pulmonary edema, which raises levels of CO2 in the blood. What helps the patient's body compensate for this increase? - Answer- The kidneys excrete more H+ and conserve HCO3, which will help to increase pH. A patient was stung by a bee, and his ankle is red and swollen. Then inflammatory response is causing the redness and swelling. What is unlikely to occur? a) Vasoconstriction at the site of the sting, causing fluid to accumulate b) capillaries become leakier, allowing immune cells to be delivered to the site of the sting c) antihistamines are released by mast cells at the site of the sting d) blood flow to the site of the sting increases - Answer- A What is the role of helper T cells? - Answer- They produce cytokines which serve to help activation of both B cells and cytotoxic T cells Red-green color blindness affects males mor often than females. Men inherit the disease from their mother's side of the family. What is red-green colorblindness? A) multifactoral B) autosomal dominant C) autosomal recessive D) sex-linked - Answer- D What does neurobehavioral congenital abnormality (ND-PAE) result from? - Answer- prenatal exposure to alcohol Which developmental defect occurs in spina bifida? - Answer- Failure of the neural tube to close results in a fluid filled scac on the lower back. Which 3 are concerns regarding a patient with rhabdomylosis? A) hemoglobin from muscle tissue was in her bloodstream B) myoglobin from muscle tissue was in her bloodstream C) hemoglobin can damage nephrons D) myglobin can damage nephrons E) Kidney failure occurs in 15% of patients with rhabdomylosis - Answer- B, D, and E Which 2 factors could have contributed to a patient's hip fracture? A) Osteoporosis makes the bones overly large and deformed, making them more susceptible to fracture B) Osteoporosis involves decreased bone mineralization, making the bones more susceptible to fracture C) Osteoporosis decreases bone density, making them more fragile and susceptible to fractures D) Osteoclasts outpacing the action of osteoblasts E) Osteoblasts outpacing the action of osteoclasts - Answer- C and D What is rickets? - Answer- defective mineralization of both bone and growth plate cartilage, typically caused by a vit D deficiency, however it can also be due to low phosphate An x-ray shows a fractured hip with visible bone fragments. What type of fracture is this? - Answer- comminuted fracture A patient rolls his ankle and is now limping and struggling to put weight on it. His ankle joint is visibly swollen and bruised. What injury have they sustained? - Answer- a grade II sprain. He has not lost function of the joint, but it is difficult for him to bear weight. Glucocorticoids inhibit vit-D dependent calcium absorption in the intestine. What are patients on glucocorticoids therefore most susceptible to? - Answer- Rickets, there will not be enough calcium to build new bone tissue. Which symptom would a patient with cervical degenerative disk disease NOT experience? A) pain in the arm B) lower back pain C) neck pain D) weakness in the arm - Answer- B A patient has sustained a tibial fracture following a motor vehicle accident. During initial examination the patient's pain is severe, and an intra-compartmental pressure monitor shows elevated compartment pressure. What complication does the patient have? - Answer- Compartment syndrome most lethal form of skin cancer - Answer- malignant melanoma most common form of skin cancer - Answer- basal cell carcinoma Appears as a red, crusted or scaly patch on the skin, a non-healing ulcer, or a firm red nodule. Like a wart or sore - Answer- squamous cell carcinoma Skin cancer that rarely metastasizes to other parts of the body, but can cause damage by growing deeply and invading surrounding tissue - Answer- basal cell carcinoma Most common location of basal cell carcinoma - Answer- face When assessing for melanoma, what does the ABCDE acronym stand for? - Answer- Asymmetrical irregular Borders Color variation Diameter of >6mm Evolving A patient has experienced a burn to their RLE. The burn has small blisters, is markedly pinkish-red and has a shiny and moist appearance. The patient describes their pain as severe. What level of burn does this patient present?