C182 (Introduction to IT) - Flashcards

C182 (Introduction to IT) - Flashcards Assembly and machine language are examples of which type of programming language? These are examples of low-level programming languages. JavaScript, Python, PHP, and JSP are examples of what type of programming language? These are examples of scripting languages. BASIC, C, C++, FORTRAN, and LISP are examples of which kind of programming language? These are known as high-level programming languages. A system comprised of different parts working together to accomplish a goal is known as what? This loosely defines Information Technology. Maintaining computer systems, installing hardware/software, configuring OSs, and performing some scripting are the roles of which type of administrator? These are typically some of the roles associated with a Systems Administrator. Running wire, working with network hardware, configuring machines for network communication, and troubleshooting the network are roles of which type of administrator? These are typically some of the roles associated with a Network Administrator. Designing, developing, and supporting DBMSs (Database Management Systems) are roles of which type of administrator? These are typically some of the roles associated with a Database Administrator. Installing, configuring, and administering firewall security are some of the roles of which type of administrator? These are typically some of the roles associated with a Security Administrator. Installing, configuring, maintaining, securing, and troubleshooting web servers are the roles of which type of administrator? These admins may be referred to as a "webmaster" and may or may not be responsible for the server hardware. These are typically the roles associated with a Web Administrator. What are some skills desired for IT personnel? Troubleshooting/problem-solving, knowledge of operating systems, system level programming (scripting), system security, hardware. Information can be defined as _________ data. Processed Is data more or less structured than information? Data is less structured than information. __________ is the output of some process. Information What does DIKW refer to? Data - Information - Knowledge - Wisdom What is the difference between information and data? Data consists of raw inputs, whereas information consists of data that has been processed into more useful material. A set of tools, such as computer hardware & software, and the people that use these tools in order to manipulate data to obtain information describes what? This is an Information System. What 5 characteristics does quality data consist of? Relevant - timely - thorough - accurate - reliable What does IPO / IPO+S refer to? Input - Processing - Output - Storage What four operations does a computer perform? IPO / IPO+S - Input - Processing - Output - Storage The physical components of the computer are referred to as what? The physical components of the computer are referred to as hardware. Programs and other operating information used by the computer is known as what? Software A collection of computers and resources connected by various media to enable communication with each other refers to what in a computer system? A computer network. The people who use the computer system are known as what? Users What is a network protocol? A standard set of rules used to determine how networks communicate with each other. What is the most common network protocol? TCP/IP What are the 4 main components of a computer system? CPU - memory - input/output (I/O) - bus The hardware in a computer that executes instructions and commands the computer components is known as what? This is the Central Processing Unit (CPU). What contains peripheral devices (mouse, keyboard, monitor, etc) used for input, output, and long-term storage? The I/O system. What stores programs being executed and the data that the programs use? Computer memory (RAM) The component on the motherboard that consists of several wires and allows hardware to communicate with other hardware on the motherboard. The system bus. The main circuit board which houses the CPU, memory chips, and expansion cards in any computer. The motherboard. The device used for long-term storage that saves data even when the computer is shut down. The hard drive. A video card or wireless network card may be located in an _______________ slot. Expansion A CPU consists of what two parts? The ALU (arithmetic logic unit) and the CU (control unit). What controls the speed at which instructions are processed? The system clock. What retrieves instructions and raw input data and sends that data to the ALU for processing? The Control Unit (CU). What does the actual processing of the data, sent by the CU, to display on the screen? The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). What is the measurement unit used to identify the clock speed of today's computers (Hz, MHz, GHz, etc)? The clock speed of computers today is measured in GHz. A computer can only run programs if it has a sufficient amount of ___________. Memory Is system memory used for short-term storage or long-term storage? Short-term storage What are the two main forms of RAM? Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM). What does ROM stand for? ROM stands for read-only memory. What does BIOS stand for? BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System. Where is the BIOS stored? In the ROM chip located on the motherboard. What is the smallest unit of storage in a computer system? A bit is the smallest unit of storage. How many bits are in a byte? There are 8 bits in 1 byte. What would a docking station be used for? A docking station allows a laptop or tablet to function like a desktop and provides more peripherals. Vacuum tubes, relay switches, and the need to program in machine language are characteristics of which generation of computers? These are characteristics of the first generation of computers. What replaced vacuum tubes around the year 1959? Transistors. Magnetic core memory, along with the introduction of transistors, led to which generation of computers? These innovations led to the second generation of computers. What was invented in 1964, incorporated dozens of transistors, and brought about the third generation of computers? The silicon chip, also known as a printed circuit or integrated circuit (IC). In which generation did computers become cheap enough for organizations to purchase them? This occurred during the third generation of computers. Which generation of computers introduced simple operating systems? Operating systems were introduced in the third generation of computers. Which generation of computers led to the rise of computer networking? The need to connect "dumb" terminals to an organizations main computer (mainframe) during the third generation of computers led to the rise of computer networks. What was introduced by IBM in the year 1974 that led to the fourth generation of computers? The single-chip processor, also known as a /microprocessor/, made computers small enough to sit on a person's desk, which brought about the fourth generation of computers. What is the most recent generation of computers? The fourth generation is the most recent generation of computers. In which generation of computers were GUIs (graphical user interfaces) introduced? GUIs were introduced in the fourth generation of computers. What is a pipelined CPU? A CPU in which the fetch-execute cycle is overlapped. The earliest computers were programmed in __________ language. The earliest computers were programmed in machine language. What was the earliest language translator? Assemblers were the earliest language translators and they translated assembly programs into machine language. An improved class of language translators, which allowed code to be written in a more English-like way, is known as what? A compiler. The languages are called /high-level languages/. Which form of programming utilizes GOTO statements and allows the programmer to transfer control from any location in a program to anywhere else in a program? Structured programming Which form of programming is organized around objects rather than actions, and data rather than logic? Object-oriented programming (OOP) A ________ is a computer program that transforms source code written in a programming language into machine language. This type of language translator's output is not portable. A compiler is a computer program that transforms source code written in a programming language into machine language. Compiled languages aren't portable. Compiled languages must be written all at once before testing. An _____________ is a computer program that executes source code "on the fly", without requiring that the program be completely written first. An interpreter is a computer program that executes source code "on the fly", without requiring that the program be completely written first. A collection of computers and computer resources connected in such a way that the computers can communicate with each other and share resources is known as what? Network / computer network Which form of physical connection media uses light pulses for data transmission? Fiber / Fiber-optic cable Which form of physical connection media uses electricity for data transmission? Coax / Coaxial and twisted pair cable Which form of connection media uses radio waves for data transmission? Radio and cell towers. The amount of data that can be transmitted over a unit of time refers to what? Bandwidth A device that connects multiple computers together. Broadcasts the transmission to every device on the network. Network hub A device that connects multiple computers together. Sends the transmission to only the intended device. A network switch. A device that connects multiple networks. Router A device connected to a hub, switch, or router that sends out wireless signals so that computers can connect to the network without a cable. Requires a wireless network card. A wireless access point (WAP) Which method of data transmission can be used to transmit data wirelessly over long distances? Radio waves. What is the main difference between a hub and a switch? A hub broadcasts the transmission to every device connected to it, whereas a switch sends the transmission to the specific, intended device. Which type of network requires that a full pathway be established before transmission can begin, and must be maintained during the entire transmission? Circuit-switched network Which type of networks send messages to one location before determining the next path it will take? Most computer networks are this type of network. Packet-switched network In which type of network is each computer roughly equal to every other computer? peer-to-peer network In what type of network do computers request information from a main computer system, which takes the requests and responds with the requested information? client-server network A software emulator program that permits a computer user to use multiple computers and platforms without the expense of purchasing multiple computers is known as what? A virtual machine (VM) is a software emulator that allows more than one operating system to reside and run on a machine simultaneously. FTP servers, web servers, e-mail servers, database servers, and file servers are examples of what? Network servers A server that responds to client queries, mostly local clients, and generates reports is known as what type of server?