Nursing 204 Exam 4 (A+ Graded)

Differentiate synovial from nonsynovial joints. correct answers Synovial Joints - These joints are freely moveable because they have bones that are separated from one another and enclosed in a joint cavity which is filled with lubricating synovial fluid. Nonsynovial Joints - The bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable or only slightly moveable. List 4 signs that suggest acute inflammation in a joint. correct answers 1. Effusion - Excess Joint Fluid 2. Thickening of the synovial lining 3. Inflammation of surrounding soft tissue (bursae, tendons) 4. Bony Enlargements Define Dislocation correct answers Complete loss of contact between the two bones in a joint Define Subluxation correct answers Two bones in a joint stay in contact, but their alignment is off Define Contracture correct answers Shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM of the joint Define Ankylosis correct answers Stiffness or fixation of a joint Differentiate testing of active range of motion versus passive range of motion. correct answers Active ROM - The patient moves the joints and muscles themselves against gravity Passive ROM - With the patients muscles relaxed, you move the body part for them. State 4 landmarks to note when checking an adolescent for scoliosis correct answers Unequal shoulder elevation, unequal scapulae, obvious curvature, and unequal hip level When performing a functional assessment for an older adult, state the 6 common adaptations the aging person makes when attempting these maneuvers: correct answers 1. Walking - Shuffing, swaying, using a base of support, looking at feet, stretch arms to balance themselves 2. Climbing upstairs - Holds handrail, Use rail to haul body upstairs, Lead with favored leg 3. Walking down stairs - Holds hand rails sometimes even with both hands, They may descend sideways, They may lower the weaker leg first or watch their feet as they descend 4. Picking up object from floor - Person bends at the waist rather than at the knees, Holds on to furniture for support 5. Rising up from sitting in chair - Person uses arms to push their body up off the arms of the chair, Upper body leans forward before the rest of the body rises, Feet are planted wide 6. Rising up from lying in bed - May roll to one side and push up with the arms to lift their torso, The person may grab a bedside table to increase leverage