CDH Paramedic Entrance Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

CDH Paramedic Entrance Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What are the normal respirations of adults? Infants? 12-20 and 20-40 What is the purpose of surfactant? Reduces surface tension in alveoli (lubricant) What is the normal stimulus to breathe in a healthy patient? Carbonic drive What is a pink puffer? Blue Bloater? A COPD Patient with Emphysema. A COPD Patient with Chronic Bronchitis What causes inhalation? Diaphragm and Intercostal muscles contract Where are the different lung sounds located? (Upper, Lower Airway) What causes them? (Fluid, Constriction, Rubbing) ... What is agonal breathing? Abnormal breathing pattern characterized by gasping and or labored breathing. What is Cheyne-Stokes respirations? Abnormal Respirations characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, gradually decreases then stops briefly. What is the difference between Ventilation and Respiration? Ventilation - Mechanical process behind breathing. Respiration - Cellular process associated with breathing. What is Diffusion and where does it occur in the lungs? Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area low concentration. It occurs in the alveoli. Why does suctioning cause a decrease in HR? Vagal Nerve Stimulation resulting in Bradycardia What physically happens with pulmonary edema? Pulmonary edema is an abnormal buildup of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs, which leads to shortness of breath. What is the pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis? Air passages become clogged by debris and irritation increases. As a result a large amount of mucus is developed which cause a cough. What is the pathophysiology of Emphysema? Decreased Pulmonary elastic recoil. Compression results and limits airflow. Additionally alveolar walls are destroyed resulting in a lower quality of perfusion. What role in breathing does the diaphragm have? The diaphragm controls the increase or decrease in the pleural cavity. When the diaphragm relaxes air is drawn into the lungs, when the diaphragm contracts air is expelled from the lungs. What is unique about the diaphragm? It is a unique muscle because it is two muscles working synchronously together. What is a late sign of hypoxia? Cyanosis What is consolidation in a pneumonia patient? A region of lung tissue that has filled with liquid. How does Carbon Monoxide affect oxygen in the body? Carbon monoxide attaches to the blood easier than oxygen, therefore Carbon monoxide "robs" the body of oxygen. What is inhalation? Inhalation is the process of CO2 being removed from the body caused by a decrease in pleural pressure facilitated by the contraction of the diaphragm. What is exhalation? Exhalation is the process of O2 being introduced into the body caused by an increase in pleural pressure facilitated by the relaxation of the diaphragm. What is automaticity? The ability to do things without occupying the mind "think force of habit" What is diastole? The period of time when the heart refills with blood. It is the lowest pressure within the entire arterial blood stream. What is systole? The force that drives blood out of the heart. It represents the force that the heart is producing during a single contraction. What is the buildup of fluid in the pericardial sac called? Pericardial effusion Blood pressure by palpation measures what? It measures the systolic blood pressure only. How is blood pressure by palpation done? Attach sphygmometer, palpate radial pulse, inflate sphygmometer until radial pulse is no longer palpable, inflate sphygmometer +30 mmHg, deflate sphygmometer slowly until radial pulse is palpable again, record as xx/P What is the blood flow through the heart? Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulomonary artery, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta. Where does the electrical impulse initiate in the heart? SA Node What is bradycardia? Tachycardia? Brady: HR V60BPM Tachy: HR ^ 100BPM What can cause a V in BP? Vasovagal response, decrease in volume, decrease in HR S decrease in venous/arterial tone, adverse reactions to medications. What is paradoxical movement of the chest wall? Chest wall increases in size upon expiration and decreases in size upon inspiration. What is hepatitis? A medical condition defined by inflammation of the liver. What are the stages of heat exposure? 1: Cramps 2: Exhaustion 3: Stroke What are complications of severe burn injuries? Infection, hypovolemia, hypothermia, respiratory insult, scarring, bone and joint problems What side effects does NTG cause? HA, dizziness, lightheadedness, N&V, flushing, V BP What causes pupil constriction and dilation? Sympathetic innervation = pupillary dilation Parasympathetic innervation = pupillary constriction. This not considering any Neurological or Chemical reactions/deficits. What symptoms do cardiac dysrhythmias cause? Palpations, fainting, death, cardiac arrest, lightheadedness, and dizziness. What are common causes of AMS? Substances, mental conditions, TBI How does the body respond to blood loss? By shunting blood into the core of the body in order to preserve internal organs. What are battle signs? Bruising starting from around the occipital bone around the lower portion of the head and upper portion of the ears and finally around the eyes. How is a sublingual medication administered? Given under the patients tongue until it is completely absorbed. How do you treat large active bleeding wounds? By packing the wound with hemostatic gauze, applying direct pressure, if all else fails apply a tourniquet. What is the best determination of possible internal bleeding? Hypotension, Distention, Mechanism What type of abdominal pain can result in R shoulder pain? Referred pain. Where are the different organs located? URQ: liver, gallbladder, duodenum, right kidney (partial), pancreas (partial), colon (partial) LRQ: Appendix, Right Kidney (Partial), colon (partial), small intestines (partial), ureter (partial) LLQ: Left kidney (partial), Colon (partial), small intestines (partial) ureter (partial) ULQ: Stomach, spleen, pancreas (partial), colon (partial), left kidney (partial) What are the signs and symptoms of pertussis? Fainting & Vomiting after coughing, inspiratory "whoop". This is also called whooping cough. What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis? Nuchal rigidity, sudden high fever, AMS, acute fever What are the signs and symptoms of tuberculosis? Fever, chills, night sweats, Nail clubbing, loss of appetite, weight loss, dry cough. What are the different parts of the brain responsible for? Cerebrum: Thought and action. Cerebellum: Regulation and coordination of movement, balance, and posture. Limbic System: Emotion, long term memory. Brain Stem: Vital bodily functions (RR,BP, HR, etc.) What is the alarm reaction and what happens physically? The body releases adrenaline and a variety of other psychological mechanisms to combat the stress and to stay in control. This is called fight or flight response. The muscles tense, the heart beats faster, the breathing and perspiration increases, the eyes dilate, the stomach may clench. What is crepitus? Grating, crackling, or popping caused by air being in subcutaneous tissue. What is a vector borne transmission? Transmission caused by another 3rd party organism. What are the building blocks of life? DNA and RDNA What is GCS? Glascow Coma Scale. What does the GCS measure? The patients level of consciousness. What is a prolapsed cord? When an umbilical cord exits the vagina before the fetus does. Blood and oxygen supplies are severely lowered or cut off altogether. What is a hypertonic solution? Water moves into the cells in the solution What is a hypotonic solution? Water moves out of the cells of the solution What is an isotonic solution? Water either moves nowhere or moves in the cells as fast as it moves out of them What is ATP and what does it do? AdenosineTriPhospate it transports chemical energy within cells. Simply, it is the energy our bodies use. What different types of consent are there? Implied, informed, expressed What is the Ryan White Act? Ensures AIDS patients receive care and also MANDATES EMS personnel to find out if they have been exposed to life threatening diseases while providing care. What did the white paper create? A national standard of care. What is visceral pain? Actual organ pain What is Parietal pain? Peritoneum pain What is referred pain? Happening in one place but felt elsewhere. What are expected Paramedic attributes? Dynamic and empathetic What is slander and libel? Slander: False spoken statement damaging ones reputation Libel: False printed statements damaging ones reputation What is assault and battery? Assault: Creating imminent harmful or offensive contact with someone Battery: Attempting to create harmful or offensive contact with someone What is the standard of care? "Best practice" or a formal diagnostic or treatment process. What is duty to act? A legal duty requiring a party to take necessary action to prevent harm to another person or to the general public. What is the circadian rhythm? A biological process that oscillates upon a period of about 24 hours.