Political Groups in Liberal Italy
PSI PPI Nationalists PNF
Aims Control industry Improve living standards of Unite different classes of Italy 1919 programme:
Nationalisation of land peasants under their patriotic love for Italy Socialist reforms
Abolish religion Make Catholicism the sole religion Eradicate liberalism → min. Wage + 8-hour
Solve the Roman Question Supported by the educated middle working day
Establish Catholic education class → confiscation of Church
Supported welfare state Colonial expansion
property
→ control of bank + stock
exchange
1921 programme:
→ limit citizen freedoms in
relation to needs of the nation
→ military service obligatory
→ taxes should be proportional
to income
Supporters Industrial workers Loose political grouping united Middle class Middle class
+ leaders Landless labourers under catholicism → mix of Civil servants
Intellectual middle class radicals and moderates Teachers and uni students
Pre-1919 - led by Turati Small business owners
Led by Pope
Led by Mussolini
Ras - Balbo + Farinacci
Action 1913 election - won 25% vote Jan 1919 - Papacy lifted ban on Encouraged Libyan War 1911 1919 elections - no seats
Red Romagna 1914 - general strikes catholic participation in State → 1914-15 - protests and Squadristi - Fascist violence
and riots across Italy PPI formed demonstrations for intervention in against Biennio Rosso in N + C
Controlled local governments the war Italy
Rise of Socialist councils → D’Annunzio’s Fiume Nov 1921 - Musso declares
controlled local taxes and services opposition to divorce to gain
Biennio Rosso 1919-20: Catholic votes
→ violent strikes and riots against ‘Pact of Pacification’ -
abandoned
big business and capitalist agrari Syndicates - some workers
→ demanded higher wages and forced to join b/c lack of
fewer working hours socialist + catholic unions
PSI PPI Nationalists PNF
Aims Control industry Improve living standards of Unite different classes of Italy 1919 programme:
Nationalisation of land peasants under their patriotic love for Italy Socialist reforms
Abolish religion Make Catholicism the sole religion Eradicate liberalism → min. Wage + 8-hour
Solve the Roman Question Supported by the educated middle working day
Establish Catholic education class → confiscation of Church
Supported welfare state Colonial expansion
property
→ control of bank + stock
exchange
1921 programme:
→ limit citizen freedoms in
relation to needs of the nation
→ military service obligatory
→ taxes should be proportional
to income
Supporters Industrial workers Loose political grouping united Middle class Middle class
+ leaders Landless labourers under catholicism → mix of Civil servants
Intellectual middle class radicals and moderates Teachers and uni students
Pre-1919 - led by Turati Small business owners
Led by Pope
Led by Mussolini
Ras - Balbo + Farinacci
Action 1913 election - won 25% vote Jan 1919 - Papacy lifted ban on Encouraged Libyan War 1911 1919 elections - no seats
Red Romagna 1914 - general strikes catholic participation in State → 1914-15 - protests and Squadristi - Fascist violence
and riots across Italy PPI formed demonstrations for intervention in against Biennio Rosso in N + C
Controlled local governments the war Italy
Rise of Socialist councils → D’Annunzio’s Fiume Nov 1921 - Musso declares
controlled local taxes and services opposition to divorce to gain
Biennio Rosso 1919-20: Catholic votes
→ violent strikes and riots against ‘Pact of Pacification’ -
abandoned
big business and capitalist agrari Syndicates - some workers
→ demanded higher wages and forced to join b/c lack of
fewer working hours socialist + catholic unions
