NURS 400 Exam 3 (With 100% verified answers)

What is hydrocephalus? correct answers Hydrocephalus is the excessive accumulation of CSF that increases intracranial pressure. -Blockage in flow of CSF through ventricles of brain or when cannot be absorbed by arachnoid villi. What types of substances are able to directly cross the blood-brain barrier? correct answers Lipophilic substances are able to cross the blood-brain barrier directly and enter the brain. *Water crosses membrane by simple diffusion. Most nutrients cross blood brain barrier by facilitated diffusion. Cerebral Autoregulation correct answers Autoregulatory mechanisms fail: Loss of match between oxygen supply and demand of tissues. Intracranial pressure: Pressure exerted by brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (the contents of the cranium). Monro-Kellie hypothesis correct answers If the volume of one component of intracranial pressure increases slightly, it is offset by reduction in volume of the other two. What are the risk factors for TIA/ stroke? correct answers Nonmodifiable risk factors: -Age, family history, prior TIA/stroke, race, sex, sickle cell disease. Modifiable risk factors: -CV disease, diabetes, excess weight, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, heavy drinking, physical inactivity, poor nutrition, birth control. What are the manifestations of a TIA? correct answers Clinical manifestations: Facial drooping, arm or leg weakness on one side of body, speech difficulty, sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes, difficult walking with dizziness, lack of balance or coordination, severe headache. Treatment of TIA correct answers Diagnosis and treatment- Seek Urgent Medical Attention - Exclusion of conditions that mimic TIA - Blood glucose and other blood tests - Electrocardiography - Noncontrast CT - MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging - CT angiography or magnetic resonance angiography - Carotid Doppler What are causes of Ischemic Stroke? correct answers -Partial or complete occlusion of cerebral blood flow due to thrombus or embolus. Most embolisms are of cardiac origin: Atherosclerosis, A-fib, Breakage of atherosclerotic plaque form carotid artery. What is the most common location for a ischemic stroke? correct answers Middle cerebral artery