NUR 265 Exam 1 Study Questions and Answers.

NUR 265 Exam 1 Study Questions and Answers.  The 2 major functions of the kidneys are to secrete erythropoietin and renin, which stimulate red blood cell production and blood pressure respectively, and to make urine.  The number one objective sign of anemia is increased heart rate.  The number one subjective sign of anemia is fatigue.  The only difference between acute renal failure and chronic renal failure is that acute renal failure is reversible.  Kidney failure is defined by how many nephrons are dead.  Any condition that decreases the flow of blood to the kidneys is called Pre-renal Acute Kidney Failure.  Any condition that results in damage to the kidney tissue is called Intra-renal Acute Kidney Failure.  Any condition that obstructs the urine is called Post-renal Acute Kidney Failure.  NSAIDs and aminoglycosides are 2 common nephrotoxic drugs. o An example of an aminoglycoside is the antibiotic called Gentamicin.  A patient with heart failure may experience Acute Pre-Renal Failure, because the decreased cardiac output causes lower blood flow to the kidneys.  A patient with acute tubular necrosis may experience Acute Intra-Renal Failure, because necrosis is damaging the kidney tissue.  A patient with benign prostate hypertrophy may experience Acute Post-Renal Failure, because the prostate could obstruct the flow of urine.