AP US Gov Ch.3 (AMSCO 2021)question n answers graded A+ updated already passed

AP US Gov Ch.3 (AMSCO 2021)Block Grants - correct answers Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services Categorical Grants - correct answers Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport Concurrent Powers - correct answers powers shared by the state and federal governments Cooperative Federalism - correct answers A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly. (aka marble cake federalism) Defense of Marriage Act (1996) - correct answers Federal law defining marriage as man-woman and declaring that no state is forced to recognize same-sex marriage Devolution - correct answers the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states Exclusive Powers - correct answers Those powers that can be exercised by the National Government alone Extradition - correct answers A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed. Federalism - correct answers A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments Federal Grants - correct answers sums of money given to state or local governments to be spent for a variety of specific purposes Fiscal Federalism - correct answers The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations with state and local governments. Full Faith and Credit - correct answers A clause in Article IV of the U.S. Constitution requiring each state to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of all other states. Grant-in-Aid Programs - correct answers grants of federal money or other resources to the States and/or their cities, counties, and other local units Mandates - correct answers terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants--grants can be funded or unfunded Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996) - correct answers restructured the welfare system to return much authority and distribution of welfare dollars (ex. Medicaid) to the states---example of devolution Police Powers - correct answers state power to create and enforce laws on health, safety, and morals Privileges and Immunities - correct answers The provision of the Constitution according citizens of each state the privileges of citizens of other states. (Example--states generally create laws to give priority to their own citizens rather than non-citizens, but the Supreme Court often strikes them down--however, examples like in-state tuition vs out of state tuition exist) Revenue Sharing - correct answers the distribution of a portion of federal tax revenues to state and local governments. Strings - correct answers conditions to aid of categorical grants Supremacy Clause - correct answers Article VI of the U.S. Constitution, which makes the Constitution the supreme law of the land (means federal law is supreme over state law) Commerce Clause - correct answers Clause stating that Congress can regulate interstate and international commerce. Dual Federalism - correct answers The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement. (Layered Cake Federalism--each power works independently with their own powers) Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause) - correct answers constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers Enumerated Powers - correct answers Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war. Fourteenth Amendment - correct answers A constitutional addition giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for Native Americans Implied Powers - correct answers powers that congress has that are not stated explicitly in the U.S. Constitution McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) - correct answers Supreme Court ruling (1819) confirming the supremacy of national over state government Selective Exclusiveness - correct answers Legal doctrine that states that when the commerce at issue requires national, uniform regulation, only Congress may regulate it Tenth Amendment - correct answers The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. United States v. Lopez (1995) - correct answers The national government's power under the commerce clause does not permit it to regulate matters not directly related to interstate commerce (in this case, banning firearms in a school zone) Clean Air Act (1970) - correct answers The law that charged the Department of Transportation with the responsibility to reduce automobile emissions.