Understanding Basic Statistics
9th Edition
by Charles Henry Brase
Complete Chapter Solutions Manual
are included (Ch 1 to 11)
** Immediate Download
** Swift Response
** All Chapters included
, Solution and Answer Guide: Brase, Understanding Basic Statistics 9e, 9780357719176; Chapter 1: Getting Started
Solution and Answer Guide
Brase, Understanding Basic Statistics 9e, 9780357719176; Chapter 1: Getting
Started
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1.1............................................................................................................................... 1
Section 1.2 ............................................................................................................................. 2
Section 1.3 ............................................................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS ............................................................................................ 6
SECTION 1.1
1. Individuals are people or objects included in the study, whereas a variable is a
characteristic of the individual that is measured or observed.
2. Nominal data are always qualitative.
3. A parameter is a numerical measure that describes a population. A statistic is a
numerical value that describes a sample.
4. If population does not change, the values of the parameters will not change. Thus, for
a fixed population, parameter values are constant. If we take three samples of the
same size from a population, the values of the sample statistics will almost surely
differ.
5. (a) These numerical assignments are at the nominal level. There is no apparent
ordering in the responses.
(b) These numerical assignments are at the ordinal level. There is an increasing
relationship between worst to best levels of service. These assignments are not at
the interval or ratio level. The distances between numerical responses are not
meaningful. The ratios are also not meaningful.
6. Lucy’s observations do not apply to all adults; they apply only to her friends. Since the
sample is not random, we cannot draw any conclusions about a larger group using
these data.
7. (a) Meal ordered at fast-food restaurants.
(b) Qualitative.
(c) All U.S. adult fast-food consumers.
8. (a) Miles per gallon.
(b) Quantitative.
(c) All new small hybrid cars.
9. (a) Nitrogen concentration (milligrams of nitrogen per liter of water).
(b) Quantitative.
(c) Nitrogen concentration (milligrams of nitrogen per liter of water) in the entire lake.
1
, Solution and Answer Guide: Brase, Understanding Basic Statistics 9e, 9780357719176; Chapter 1: Getting Started
10. (a) Number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100 square meters.
(b) Quantitative.
(c) The entire Tara region.
11. (a) Ratio. (b) Interval. (c) Nominal. (d) Ordinal. (e) Ratio. (f) Ratio.
12. (a) Ordinal. (b) Ratio. (c) Nominal. (d) Interval. (e) Ratio. (f) Nominal.
13. (a) Nominal. (b) Ratio. (c) Interval. (d) Ordinal. (e) Ratio. (f) Interval.
14. Form B is better. Statistical methods can be applied to the ordinal data obtained from
Form B but not to the open-response answers obtained from Form A.
15. (a) Answers vary. Ideally, weigh the packs in pounds using a digital scale that has
tenths of pounds for accuracy.
(b) Some students may refuse to have their backpacks weighed.
(c) Informing students before class may cause students to remove items before class.
SECTION 1.2
1. In stratified samples, we select a random sample from each stratum. In cluster
sampling, we randomly select clusters to be included, and then each member of the
cluster is sampled.
2. In simple random samples, every sample of size n has an equal chance of being
selected. In a systematic sample, the only possible samples are those including every
kth member of the population with respect to the random starting position.
3. Sampling error is the difference between the value of the population parameter and
the value of the sample statistic that stems from the random selection process. The
term is being used incorrectly here. Certainly larger boxes of cereal will cost more than
smaller boxes of cereal.
4. The sample frame consists of all students who use the college recreation center. The
sample frame does not include all students enrolled in the college since some
students may not use the center.
5. No. Even though the sample is random, some students younger than 18 or older than
20 may not have been included in the sample.
6. No. A random sample could include only music majors.
7. (a) Stratified.
(b) No. Each pooled sample would have 100 season ticket holders for men’s basketball
games and 100 season ticket holders for women’s games. Samples with, for
example, 125 and 75 tickets holders, respectively, are not possible.
8. (a) Yes. Every student has a 50% chance of being selected.
(b) It is not possible based on this method of selecting students. Since every sample
of size 20 is not possible, this is not a simple random sample.
(c) Assign numbers 1, 2, . . , 40 to the students and use a random-digit table or a
computer package to draw random numbers.
2
9th Edition
by Charles Henry Brase
Complete Chapter Solutions Manual
are included (Ch 1 to 11)
** Immediate Download
** Swift Response
** All Chapters included
, Solution and Answer Guide: Brase, Understanding Basic Statistics 9e, 9780357719176; Chapter 1: Getting Started
Solution and Answer Guide
Brase, Understanding Basic Statistics 9e, 9780357719176; Chapter 1: Getting
Started
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1.1............................................................................................................................... 1
Section 1.2 ............................................................................................................................. 2
Section 1.3 ............................................................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS ............................................................................................ 6
SECTION 1.1
1. Individuals are people or objects included in the study, whereas a variable is a
characteristic of the individual that is measured or observed.
2. Nominal data are always qualitative.
3. A parameter is a numerical measure that describes a population. A statistic is a
numerical value that describes a sample.
4. If population does not change, the values of the parameters will not change. Thus, for
a fixed population, parameter values are constant. If we take three samples of the
same size from a population, the values of the sample statistics will almost surely
differ.
5. (a) These numerical assignments are at the nominal level. There is no apparent
ordering in the responses.
(b) These numerical assignments are at the ordinal level. There is an increasing
relationship between worst to best levels of service. These assignments are not at
the interval or ratio level. The distances between numerical responses are not
meaningful. The ratios are also not meaningful.
6. Lucy’s observations do not apply to all adults; they apply only to her friends. Since the
sample is not random, we cannot draw any conclusions about a larger group using
these data.
7. (a) Meal ordered at fast-food restaurants.
(b) Qualitative.
(c) All U.S. adult fast-food consumers.
8. (a) Miles per gallon.
(b) Quantitative.
(c) All new small hybrid cars.
9. (a) Nitrogen concentration (milligrams of nitrogen per liter of water).
(b) Quantitative.
(c) Nitrogen concentration (milligrams of nitrogen per liter of water) in the entire lake.
1
, Solution and Answer Guide: Brase, Understanding Basic Statistics 9e, 9780357719176; Chapter 1: Getting Started
10. (a) Number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100 square meters.
(b) Quantitative.
(c) The entire Tara region.
11. (a) Ratio. (b) Interval. (c) Nominal. (d) Ordinal. (e) Ratio. (f) Ratio.
12. (a) Ordinal. (b) Ratio. (c) Nominal. (d) Interval. (e) Ratio. (f) Nominal.
13. (a) Nominal. (b) Ratio. (c) Interval. (d) Ordinal. (e) Ratio. (f) Interval.
14. Form B is better. Statistical methods can be applied to the ordinal data obtained from
Form B but not to the open-response answers obtained from Form A.
15. (a) Answers vary. Ideally, weigh the packs in pounds using a digital scale that has
tenths of pounds for accuracy.
(b) Some students may refuse to have their backpacks weighed.
(c) Informing students before class may cause students to remove items before class.
SECTION 1.2
1. In stratified samples, we select a random sample from each stratum. In cluster
sampling, we randomly select clusters to be included, and then each member of the
cluster is sampled.
2. In simple random samples, every sample of size n has an equal chance of being
selected. In a systematic sample, the only possible samples are those including every
kth member of the population with respect to the random starting position.
3. Sampling error is the difference between the value of the population parameter and
the value of the sample statistic that stems from the random selection process. The
term is being used incorrectly here. Certainly larger boxes of cereal will cost more than
smaller boxes of cereal.
4. The sample frame consists of all students who use the college recreation center. The
sample frame does not include all students enrolled in the college since some
students may not use the center.
5. No. Even though the sample is random, some students younger than 18 or older than
20 may not have been included in the sample.
6. No. A random sample could include only music majors.
7. (a) Stratified.
(b) No. Each pooled sample would have 100 season ticket holders for men’s basketball
games and 100 season ticket holders for women’s games. Samples with, for
example, 125 and 75 tickets holders, respectively, are not possible.
8. (a) Yes. Every student has a 50% chance of being selected.
(b) It is not possible based on this method of selecting students. Since every sample
of size 20 is not possible, this is not a simple random sample.
(c) Assign numbers 1, 2, . . , 40 to the students and use a random-digit table or a
computer package to draw random numbers.
2
