BIO 101 nvcc final EXAM TEST QUESTIONS ANSWRED CORRECTLY & VERIFIED

BIO 101 nvcc final EXAM TEST QUESTIONS ANSWRED CORRECTLY & VERIFIED What is an adaptation? A.a genetic change over time B.an increase in reproductive success by certain individuals C.a trait that is heritable and confers reproductive success D.differential reproductive success of a particular individual E. B & D - ANSWER C.a trait that is heritable and confers reproductive success In a population of dogs, long ears are dominant over short ears. If 50 of 200 dogs in a population have short ears, how many of the long-eared dogs are homozygous dominant? A. 25 B. 50 C. 75 D. 100 E. 60 - ANSWER B. 50 A population in which an extreme phenotype is favored undergoes ____ selection. A. disruptive B. directional C. stabilizing D. artificial E. polynomial - ANSWER B. directional Which statement illustrates Lamarck's theory on the mechanism of evolution? A. Fish with coloration that matches the river bottom they inhabit will survive to reproduce B. Plants that can survive in less light will become the dominant species in shaded areas C. Birds with bright colors will attract more mates and pass on the colorful plumage D. A man who routinely shaves the hair off his head will have sons who become bald E. Giraffes with longer necks survived and reproduced faster because they could reach a better food source - ANSWER D. A man who routinely shaves the hair off his head will have sons who become bald What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation? - ANSWER P+Q=1, p2+2pq+q2=1 Boa constrictors have tiny pelvic girdles and leg bones inside their bodies. Because these structures are nonfunctional "evolutionary baggage," they are called: A. convergent B. analogous C. maladaptive D. homologous E. vestigial - ANSWER E. vestigial Which of the following are vestigial structures? A. fish fins B. vertebral columns in snakes C. pelvic bones of whales D. wings of bats E. hoofs of horses - ANSWER C. pelvic bones of whales Humans still have body hair even though it is greatly reduced and serves little function. The hair is a(n): A. analogous structure B. homologous structure C. vestigial structure D. adaptation E. mutation - ANSWER C. vestigial structure The human upper arm bone (the humerus) is structurally similar to the upper wing bone of a bat. The structural similarity is an example of: A. analogous structures B. homologous structures C. vestigial structures D. adaptation E. mutation - ANSWER B. homologous structures Sea squirts and lampreys, which are both aquatic animals, have a perforated pharynx, a ventral heart, and a notochord at some stage of development. These similarities are BEST explained by: A. artificial selection B. inheritance of acquired characteristics C. a common ancestry D. uniformitarianism E. the "Ladder of Nature - ANSWER C. a common ancestry The fact that whales have pelvic and leg bones indicates that: A. they probably evolved from fish B. ancestral whales had legs C. whales should have functional legs D. having a pelvis is advantageous E. whales did not evolve by natural selection - ANSWER B. ancestral whales had legs Of all the possible amino acids, all living organisms make use of only the same 20 amino acids. This supports the idea that: A. only a limited number of DNA mutations are possible B. bacteria, animals, and plants developed independently C. each species uses a unique set of amino acids D. plants and animals have a completely different ancestry E. all living things are derived from a single common ancestor - ANSWER E. all living things are derived from a single common ancestor Which of the following supports the idea that all organisms share a common ancestry? A. All cells use DNA as a cellular energy carrier B. All cells use ATP as the template for protein synthesis C. All cells use the same collection of lipids D. All cells use amino acids as a carrier of genetic information E. All cells have a similar biochemistry, including amino acids, nucleic acids, and ATP - ANSWER E. All cells have a similar biochemistry, including amino acids, nucleic acids, and ATP Strong evidence for the common ancestry of all vertebrates is: A. they all have legs B. their means of reproduction C. the similarity of their embryological stages D. they all evolved from fish E. they all possess DNA - ANSWER C. the similarity of their embryological stages Most commercial pesticides are effective for only two or three years because: A. new pests invade the area B. the chemicals induce mutations that provide immunity C. the chemicals mutate and become ineffective D. the pests learn to hide when the chemicals are being applied E. those pests born with mutations that provide immunity will survive and reproduce - ANSWER E. those pests born with mutations that provide immunity will survive and reproduce Which of the following would you predict would evolve in guppies that are taken from streams in Trinidad with predators and put into streams lacking predators? A. Male guppies will become more colorful B. Male guppies will become less colorful C. Male guppies will not change in coloration D. Guppies would evolve to have females avoid more colorful males E. Guppies would evolve to have females prefer less colorful males - ANSWER A. Male guppies will become more colorful A population is defined as: A. all individuals of the same species located throughout the world B. all individuals of the same species located in a given geographic region C. all individuals of all species located throughout the world D. all individuals of all species located in a given country E. those individuals of the same species that have an identical genetic makeup - ANSWER D. all individuals of all species located in a given country The interaction of genes and