Test Bank Nursing Research Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice 11th Edition Polit Beck

Test Bank Nursing Research Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice 11th Edition Polit Beck Chapter 1 Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment 1. What is the highest priority for the importance of research in the nursing profession? A) B) C) D) Research findings provide evidence for informing nurses' decisions and actions. Conduct research to better understand the context of nursing practice. Document the role that nurses serve in society. Establish nursing research areas of study. 2. A) B) C) D) Which group would be best served by clinical nursing research? Nursing administrators Practicing nurses Nurses' clients Healthcare policymakers 3. A) B) C) D) 1 | P a g e In the United States, in what area does research play an important role in nursing? Chronic illness Credentialing and status Nurses' personalities Nurses' education4. A) B) C) D) What is the role of a consumer of nursing research? Read research reports for relevant findings. Participate in generating evidence by doing research. Participate in journal club in a practice setting. Solve clinical problems and make clinical decisions. 5. A) B) C) D) What was the concern of most nursing studies in the early 1900s? Client satisfaction Clinical problems Health promotion Nursing education 6. A) B) C) D) Which topic most closely conforms to the priorities that have been suggested for future nursing research? Attitudes of nursing students toward smoking. Promotion of excellence in nursing science. Nursing staff morale and turnover. Number of doctorate prepared nurses in various clinical specialties. 2 | P a g e7. A) B) C) D) What is the process of deductive reasoning? Verifying assumptions that are part of our heritage. Developing specific predictions from general principles. Empirically testing observations that are made known through our senses. Forming generalizations from specific observations. 8. A) B) C) D) What is the ontological assumption of those espousing a naturalistic paradigm? Objective reality and those natural phenomena are regular and orderly. Phenomena are not haphazard and result from prior causes. Reality is multiply constructed and multiply interpreted by humans. Reality is not fixed, but is rather a construction of human minds. 9. A) B) C) What is the epistemological assumption of those espousing a positivist paradigm? The researcher is objective and independent of those being studied. Phenomena are not haphazard, but rather have antecedent causes. The researcher instructs those being studied to be objective in providing information. 3 | P a g eD) Reality is not fixed, but is rather a construction of human minds. 10. A) B) C) D) Which is not a characteristic of traditional scientific method? Control over external factors. Systematic measurement and observation of natural phenomena. Deductive reasoning. Emphasis on a holistic view of a phenomenon, studied in a rich context. 11. What is empiricism? A) B) C) D) Making generalizations from specific observations. Deducing specific predictions from generalizations. Gathering evidence rooted in reality. Verifying the assumptions on which the study was based. 12. A) B) C) D) What is a hallmark of the scientific method? Infallible Holistic Systematic Flexible 4 | P a g e13. A) B) C) D) Which of the following limits the power of the scientific method to answer questions about human life? The necessity of departing from traditional beliefs. The difficulty of accurately measuring complex human traits. The inability to control potential biases. The shortage of theories about human behavior. 14. A) B) C) D) What is a criticism of the scientific method? Deductive Deterministic Empirical Reductionist 15. A) B) C) D) What is involved in naturalistic qualitative research? Involves deductive processes Takes places in the field. Focuses on the idiosyncrasies of those being studied. Attempts to control the research context to better understand the phenomenon being studied. 5 | P a g e16. A) B) C) D) A researcher wants to investigate the effect of patients' body position on blood pressure. This is an example of what type of study? Qualitative Constructivist inquiry Quantitative Researcher preference of either quantitative or qualitative 17. A) B) C) D) A researcher is studying the effect of massage on the alleviation of pain in cancer patients. This is an example of what type of study? Descriptive Exploratory Applied Basic 18. A) B) C) D) A researcher wants to study the process by which people make decisions about seeking treatment for infertility. What is the researcher's paradigmatic orientation? Positivism Determinism Empiricism Naturalism 6 | P a g e19. What is the continuum of participation on research? 7 | P a g eA) B) C) D) Academics to practitioners Consumers to producers Journalists to educators Mentors to novice nurses 20. What is the goal of explanatory research? A) Understand the underpinnings of natural phenomena and to explain systematic relationships among them. B) Begins with the phenomenon of interest, but rather than simply observing and describing it, exploratory research investigates the full nature of the phenomenon, the manner in which it is manifested, and the other factors to which it is related. C) D) Answer Key 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. A 8 | P a g e Study phenomena about which little is known. Make predictions and to control phenomena based on research findings.10. D 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A Chapter 2 Evidence-Based Nursing: Translating Research Evidence into Practice 1. Research utilization begins with empirical findings for consideration in practice settings. Where does evidence-based practice begin? 9 | P a g eA) Integration of clinical judgments with research evidence B) C) D) A desire to abandon decisions based on custom and authority opinion A search for the best possible information for addressing a clinical problem A critique of existing practices A) 2. What is indirect research utilization? Involves changes in nurses' thinking B) C) D) Involves the direct use of findings in giving patient care Involves use of findings to persuade others Involves changes in patient thinking toward nurses 3. The student nurse is constructing a presentation on evidence-based practice. Which statement should be included in the introduction about evidence-based practice? A) B) C) D) Conscientious integration of current best evidence with clinical expertise Utilization of nursing preferences in making clinical decisions Theoretical problem-solving strategy Emphasis on decision making based on custom 10 | P a g e4. Evidence-based practice typically involves weighing various types of evidence in an effort to determine best evidence. Most evidence hierarchies put which systematic review at the pinnacle? A) B) C) D) Randomized controlled trials Program evaluations Clinical practice guidelines Meta-analyses of multiple clinical trials 5. The terms research utilization and evidence-based practice are sometimes used synonymously. The two concepts are distinct. Where does research utilization start? A) B) C) D) Uses findings of a study that are related to the previous research of the topic. Emphasis is on translating historical knowledge into real-world applications. Use of a set of studies in a practical application unrelated to the original research. Critique of existing practical applications unrelated to historical research. 6. A) B) 11 | P a g e Which activity will limit researchers to improve the prospect for evidence-based practice and research utilization? Conducting high-quality, methodologically sound studies Disseminating results to a broad audienceC) Providing periodical available supports during regular work hours D) Discussing the clinical implications of their study results in their research reports 7. A) Which is not a major barrier to evidence- based practice in nursing? The fact that many clinical nurses are not academically prepared to critically evaluate nursing research studies B) C) D) The support of organizations that reward nurses who engage in research utilization efforts The low number of replication of nursing studies that show promise for utilization The absence of quality, clinically relevant nursing studies 8. There are several resources to support evidence-based practice. What are care bundles? A) B) C) D) Rigorous integrations of research evidence from multiple studies of a topic Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines that combine a synthesis and appraisal of research evidence Set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms Meta-analysis or quantitative methods that integrate findings statistically 12 | P a g e9. A) B) C) D) There are several resources to support evidence-based practice. What is metasynthesis? Qualitative, narrative approach to integration of a study Quantitative method that integrate findings statistically Synthesis and appraisal of research evidence with specific recommendations Set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms 10. A) B) C) D) Several models of evidence-based practice have been developed. Which model focuses on the use of research from the perspective of individual clinicians? ARCC Model Clinical Nurse Scholar Model Iowa Model Stetler Model 11. A) B) C) D) A RN is putting research into practice. What step of the process is involved with the validity of study findings? Framing an answerable clinical question Searching for relevant research evidence Appraising the evidence Integrating evidence with other factors 13 | P a g e12. A) B) C) D) A student nurse is trying to find out what a mixed methods synthesis is. What is a mixed methods synthesis? Integrate and synthesize both quantitative and qualitative evidence. Integrate quantitative evidence. Integrate and synthesize qualitative evidence. Integrate qualitative evidence. 13. A) B) C) D) Systematic reviews are published in professional journals. Which database contains thousands of systematic reviews related to healthcare interventions? Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Campbell Collaboration Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Joanna Briggs Institute 14. Clinical practice guidelines distill a large body of evidence into a manageable form. Which describes clinical practice guidelines? A) B) C) D) 14 | P a g e Give general recommendations for evidence-based decision making. Address all of the issues relevant to a clinical decision. Guide clinical practice when there are a number of published articles. Completed by researchers.15. Which reference is a comprehensive reference resource that provides an array of clinical information for nurses, including evidence-based care sheets, best practice guidelines, and point-of-care drug information? A) B) C) D) Clinical Evidence Evidence-based Nursing Worldviews on Evidence Based Nursing Nursing Reference Center 16. A) B) C) D) Evidence-based practice writers distinguish between background and foreground questions. What is a background question? Based on current best research evidence. Specific, detailed questions about a clinical problem. General, foundational questions about a clinical issue. Questions located on websites. 17. Fineout-Overholt and Johnston recommended a 5-component scheme for formulating evidence-based practice questions, using the acronym PICOT as a guide. Which two components are not always needed in this model? A) B) C) 15 | P a g e P and C I and O C and TD) P and O 18. A) B) C) D) A nurse is putting research into practice. What is the first step that should be considered in the process? Framing an answerable clinical question Searching for relevant research evidence Appraising and synthesizing the evidence Integrating evidence with other factors 19. A) B) C) D) Which occurs with individual evidence- based practice efforts? Tend to be less formalized approach than organizational evidence-based practice. Must take organizational factors into account. Must take interpersonal factors into account. Triggers for an individual project include pressing clinical problems. 20. A) B) C) D) 16 | P a g e Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument consists of ratings of quality on what type of scale? 4-point scale 5-point scale 6-point scale 7-point scaleAnswer Key 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. A Chapter 3 Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research 17 | P a g e1. A pediatric RN undertakes a study of the effect of low birth weight on infants' cognitive development. A developmental psychologist collaborates on the study. A second RN helps by recruiting families into the study. A graduate student is asked to give statistical advice in analyzing the data. This is an example of what type of study? A) B) C) D) Multisite research Qualitative research Funded research Collaborative research 2. A) B) C) D) Which term is not used by qualitative researchers to refer to people who participate in a study? Informants Key informants Study participants Subjects 3. A) B) C) D) 18 | P a g e Which term is used by both qualitative and quantitative researchers to refer to the abstractions under study? Concept Construct Phenomenon Variable4. A) B) C) D) The RN is reading a research article. The article talks about constructs. Which would most likely be called a construct? Gender Body temperature Uncertainty in illness Blood type 5. A) B) C) D) What is the dependent variable(s) in the research question “Is the quality of life of nursing home residents affected by their functional ability or hearing acuity”? Quality of life Functional ability Hearing acuity Nursing home residents 6. What is the independent variable in the hypothesis “Baccalaureate degree prepared nurses will practice more rehabilitative nursing measures on a client in an ICU than will associate degree prepared nurses”? A) B) C) D) Associate degree prepared nurses Baccalaureate degree prepared nurses Rehabilitative nursing measures Type of educational background of nurses 19 | P a g e7. What is the purpose of an operational definition in a quantitative study? 20 | P a g eA) State the theoretical meaning of the concept. B) C) D) Specify how a variable will be defined and measured. State the expected relationship between the variables under investigation. Designate the conceptual underpinnings of the variable. 8. A) B) C) D) Which is a datum from a quantitative study of the labor and delivery experiences of women over age 40? Length of time in labor 107 ounces Infant's Apgar score Vaginal versus cesarean delivery 9. A) B) C) D) Which is a datum from a qualitative research study on the labor and delivery experiences of women over age 40? 14.6 hours in labor 60-minute interviews 1 day after delivery “It was a lot more painful than I ever imagined.” 15 women with a vaginal delivery 10. 21 | P a g e Which pair of variables is there most likely to be a relationship that could be described as causal?A) Degree of physical activity and heart rate 22 | P a g eB) C) D) Stress and coping style Age and health beliefs Parity and postpartum depression 11. A) B) C) D) What is the basic distinction in quantitative studies? Quantitative and qualitative research Empirical and nonempirical research Experimental and nonexperimental research Population-based and sample-based research 12. A) B) C) D) Which is widely used by quantitative nurse researchers? Ask research questions Phenomenological Ethnographic Grounded theory 13. A) B) C) D) 23 | P a g e What is the research tradition that focuses on understanding phenomena within a cultural context? Experimental Phenomenological Ethnographic Grounded theory14. A) B) C) D) What is the research tradition that is an approach to understanding people's life experiences? Experimental Phenomenological Ethnographic Grounded theory 15. What is the statement of the researcher's expectations or predictions about relationships among study variables? A) B) C) D) Hypothesis Framework Research question Conceptual definition 16. A) B) C) D) What is the overall plan for answering the research question? Sampling plan Proposal Problem statement Research design 17. A) 24 | P a g e What is the aggregate of those to whom a researcher wishes to generalize study results called? Gate keepersB) Population 25 | P a g eC) D) Sample Consumers 18. A) B) C) D) What is the research design in qualitative studies called? Experimental Narrative Interpretive Emergent 19. A) B) C) D) Where are registered nurses most likely to find research results? Conference presentations Journal articles Books Dissertations 20. A) B) C) D) Answer Key 1. D 26 | P a g e What is included in the methods section of a study? Review of the literature. Names of the statistical tests that are going to be used. Strategies used to address the problem. Discussion including recommendations for the research.2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. C Chapter 4 Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses 1. What is a research problem? A) Situation involving an enigmatic or disturbing situation amenable to disciplined inquiry 27 | P a g eB) Articulation of the problem and description of the need for a study through the development of an argument C) D) Specific queries researchers want to answer in addressing the problem Specific accomplishments that will be achieved by conducting the study 2. The nature of the research question is closely allied to paradigms. What is the focus of research questions for a quantitative study? A) B) C) D) Undertaken because some aspect of a phenomenon is poorly understood Developed within a rich and context bound understanding of the problem Initiated to heighten awareness and create a dialogue about a phenomenon Identified major variables in the study and populations under investigation are present. 3. Which is correct about the research question “What is the decision making process among intensive care unit nurses who decide to assist terminally ill patients to die?” A) B) C) 28 | P a g e Most likely to be addressed using a quantitative approach Most likely to be addressed using a qualitative approach Not researchableD) Not appropriately worded 4. A) B) C) D) Where is the nurse likely to have difficulty getting an idea for research problems? Theories of conceptual frameworks Clinical experience Nursing code of ethics Nursing literature 5. A) B) C) D) Which is not considered in determining the feasibility of a research question? Cooperation of participants Ethical concerns Relevant theories Researcher experience 6. Researchers communicate their aims as problem statements, statements of purpose, research questions, or hypotheses. What are hypotheses? A) B) C) D) 29 | P a g e Essential to the conduct of respectable scientific enquiry Needed only when there is an explicit theoretical framework Useful in giving direction to quantitative studies Not appropriate for many nursing research studies7. A) B) C) D) “Women who jog regularly are more likely to have amenorrhea than those who do not jog regularly” is an example of what type of hypothesis? Null Not corrected stated Directional Nondirectional 8. What is a moderator variable? A) Affect the strength or direction of a relationship between independent variables B) C) D) Affect the strength or direction of a relationship between the independent and dependent variables Intervene between the independent and dependent variable Help to explain why the relationship exists 9. What is a complex hypothesis? A) B) C) D) Predicted relationship between one independent variable and one dependent variable Predicted direction of the relationship Anticipated existence of relationships, not their direction Anticipated relationship between two independent variables and two dependent variables 30 | P a g e10. A) B) C) D) What is the type of hypothesis for “a person's emotional status is not affected by relocation to a nursing home”? Directional Nondirectional Research Null 11. Researchers communicate their aims as problem statements, statements of purpose, research questions, or hypotheses. What is the statement of purpose? A) B) C) D) Summarizes the overall study goal. Specific query researchers want to answer in addressing the research problem. Articulate the nature, context, and significance of the problem. Statement of predicted relationships between two or more variables. 12. A) B) C) The registered nurse knows that which is correct about hypotheses in research reports? Hypotheses derived from theory are generally nondirectional in wording. Hypotheses are more abstract than purpose statements. Qualitative research proceeds with hypotheses. 31 | P a g eD) Hypotheses must express the expected relationship among at least three variables. 13. Researchers communicate their aims as problem statements, statements of purpose, research questions, or hypotheses. What does “subjects receiving antiemetic therapy by a patient controlled pump will be less nauseous” represent? A) B) C) D) Hypothesis Problem statement Statement of purpose Research question 14. A) B) C) D) What type of hypothesis is represented by the statement “the fewer social supports an elderly person has, the more likely the individual will be institutionalized.”? Directional Nondirectional Research Null 15. A) B) C) 32 | P a g e What type of hypothesis is represented by the statement “women who smoke are as likely to have low-birth-weight babies as women who do not”? Directional Nondirectional ResearchD) Null 33 | P a g e16. A) B) C) D) What intervenes between the independent and dependent variable? Moderator variable Mediating variable Hypothesis Simple hypothesis 17. Researchers communicate their aims as problem statements, statements of purpose, research questions, or hypotheses. What does the following statement represent, “Nausea and vomiting are common side effects among patients on chemotherapy, and interventions to date have been only moderately successful in reducing these effects? New interventions that can reduce or prevent these side effects need to be identified.” A) B) C) D) Hypothesis Problem statement Statement of purpose Research question 18. A) B) Not all problems are amendable to research inquiry. Which question cannot be researched? Should voluntary tubal ligations be performed on women without children? What are nurses' attitudes toward voluntary tubal ligations? 34 | P a g eC) What moral dilemmas are perceived by nurses who might be involved in assisted suicide? D) Do terminally ill patients living with high levels of pain hold more favorable attitudes toward assisted suicide than those with less pain? 19. What is a nondirectional hypothesis? A) B) C) D) Predicted relationship between one independent variable and one dependent variable Predicted direction of the relationship Anticipated existence of relationships, not their direction Anticipated relationship between two independent variables and two dependent variables 20. What is a simple hypothesis? A) B) C) D) Answer Key 1. A 2. D 35 | P a g e Predicted relationship between one independent variable and one dependent variable Predicted direction of the relationship Anticipated existence of relationships, not their direction Anticipated relationship between two independent variables and two dependent variables3. B 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A Chapter 5 Literature Reviews: Finding and Critiquing Evidence 1. A) Which electronic database is widely recognized as the premier source for bibliographic coverage of the biomedical literature? CINAHL 36 | P a g eB) C) D) Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition ProQuest MEDLINE 2. The RN is doing a basic search of articles on nurses' stress in the ICU. In conducting a subject search in an electronic database, what should the nurse type to initiate the search? A) B) C) D) An author's name Restrictions to the search A topic or keyword A mapping procedure 3. A) B) C) D) In an electronic literature search, what is the researcher doing when she does not know the precise keywords for retrieving information on a topic? Mapping Searching Restricting focus Copying 4. A) What is a primary source for a research literature review? A description of a study written by researchers who did the study 37 | P a g eB) A summary of relevant research on the topic of interest 38 | P a g eC) A thesaurus that directs readers to subject headings germane to the topic D) Any journal article on a topic of interest 5. A) B) C) D) There are several strategies for finding studies on a topic. What is the ancestry approach? Search for articles that summarize prior research. Read the accompanying abstract to determine whether the article is pertinent to the topic. Tracking down earlier studies cited in a reference list of a report. Using a pivotal study to search forward to subsequent studies that cited it. 6. There are several strategies for finding studies on a topic. What is the descendancy approach? A) B) C) D) Search for articles that summarize prior research. Read the accompanying abstract to determine whether the article is pertinent to the topic. Track down earlier studies cited in a reference list of a report. Use a pivotal study to search forward to subsequent studies that cited it. 39 | P a g e7. What is a secondary source for a research literature review? 40 | P a g eA) A description of a study written by researchers who did the study B) C) D) A summary of relevant research on the topic of interest A thesaurus that directs readers to subject headings germane to the topic A description of the study by an individual unconnected with it 8. The nurse is conducting a literature review. Which will not assist the nurse when conducting a literature review? A) One major purpose of a literature review is to learn what research has already been done in the area. B) A text word search allows searchers to look for specific words in all test fields of records in the electronic database. C) The literature review section should conclude with a critical evaluation of knowledge on the problem of interest. D)