2022-2023
SAMENVATTING
WEEFSELS
Thomas De Leeuw
Universiteit Gent
,Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding....................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Histologische technieken .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Fixeren................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Inbedden ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Snijden................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Kleuren of contrasteren (lichtmicroscopie) ......................................................................................................................... 5
→ Zure en basische kleurstoffen (HE): ........................................................................................................................... 5
→ Andere kleurtechnieken:............................................................................................................................................ 6
→ Contrasteren (elektronenmicroscopie) ...................................................................................................................... 7
Observatiemethoden ................................................................................................................................................... 8
Lichtmicroscopie (LM) ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Elektronenmicroscopie (EM) ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Speciale observatiemethoden voor visualisatie van niet-gekleurde cellen .......................................................................... 9
Fluorescentiemicroscopie (FM) ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Virtuele microscopie ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
Scanning elektronenmicroscopie (SEM) .............................................................................................................................. 9
Epithelen ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Bedekkend epitheel ........................................................................................................................................................... 10
→ Pseudo(schijn) meerlagig (meerrijig) epitheel .......................................................................................................... 11
→ Meerlagig epitheel ................................................................................................................................................... 11
Apicale oppervlaktespecialisaties ..................................................................................................................................... 13
→ Trilharen of ciliën...................................................................................................................................................... 13
→ Microvili ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Laterale oppervlaktespecialisaties / intercellulaire verbindingen ...................................................................................... 13
→ Tight junctions = zonulae occludens ......................................................................................................................... 13
→ Adherent junctions .................................................................................................................................................. 13
→ Gap junctions = nexussen ......................................................................................................................................... 13
→ Kitlijst of junctiecomplex .......................................................................................................................................... 13
Basale oppervlaktespecialisaties....................................................................................................................................... 15
Klierepitheel ...................................................................................................................................................................... 15
→ Endocriene klieren ................................................................................................................................................... 15
→ Exocriene klieren ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
→ Speekselklieren ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
→ Klieren in de pancreas .............................................................................................................................................. 18
→ Speekselklieren in de trachea ................................................................................................................................... 18
→ Zweetklieren in de dunne huid ................................................................................................................................. 19
→ Talgklieren in de de dunne huid ............................................................................................................................... 19
Myoepitheel ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Neuro-epitheel .................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Transport in epitheelcellen ................................................................................................................................................ 20
Vernieuwing van epithelen ................................................................................................................................................ 21
,Bind- en steunweefsels .............................................................................................................................................. 21
Eigenlijk bindweefsel ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
→ Cellen ....................................................................................................................................................................... 22
→ Extracellulaire matrix (ECM) ..................................................................................................................................... 22
→ Cellen voor aanmaak en onderhoud ........................................................................................................................ 23
→ Cellen voor reserve en isolatie (vetcellen) ................................................................................................................ 24
→ Cellen voor verdediging ........................................................................................................................................... 24
→ Extracellulaire matrix in het eigenlijke bindweefsel ................................................................................................. 28
→ Types van eigenlijk bindweefsel ............................................................................................................................... 31
Bloed ................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
→ Bloedplasma ............................................................................................................................................................. 33
→ Bloedcellen............................................................................................................................................................... 34
→ Bloedgroepen ........................................................................................................................................................... 38
Kraakbeen ......................................................................................................................................................................... 39
→ Opbouw van kraakbeen............................................................................................................................................ 39
→ Cellulaire component ............................................................................................................................................... 40
→ Extracellulaire matrix................................................................................................................................................ 40
→ Soorten kraakbeen ................................................................................................................................................... 40
Bot ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
→ Kleuring van botweefsel ........................................................................................................................................... 42
→ Botcellen .................................................................................................................................................................. 43
→ Extracellulaire matrix ............................................................................................................................................... 44
→ Botsoorten ............................................................................................................................................................... 45
→ Botvorming (osteogenesis) ...................................................................................................................................... 47
→ Gewrichten............................................................................................................................................................... 49
Spierweefsel .............................................................................................................................................................. 50
Skeletspierweefsel (dwarsgestreept spierweefsel) ........................................................................................................... 51
→ Longitudinale doorsnede ......................................................................................................................................... 51
→ Dwarsdoorsnede ...................................................................................................................................................... 51
→ skeletspier ................................................................................................................................................................ 51
→ Skeletspierweefsel: elektromicroscopisch ............................................................................................................... 52
→ Contractiemechanisme: sliding filament principe ................................................................................................... 53
→ Varianten van skeletspierweefsel ............................................................................................................................ 54
→ Groei en regeneratie ................................................................................................................................................ 54
Hartspierweefsel ............................................................................................................................................................... 55
→ Verbindingsstructuren of disci intercalares ............................................................................................................. 55
→ Geleidingssysteem ................................................................................................................................................... 56
→ Groei en regeneratie ................................................................................................................................................ 56
Glad spierweefsel .............................................................................................................................................................. 56
→ Verdere opbouw ...................................................................................................................................................... 57
→ Spiercontractie ......................................................................................................................................................... 57
Zenuwweefsel............................................................................................................................................................ 58
Neuronen .......................................................................................................................................................................... 58
→ Verschillende types neuronen .................................................................................................................................. 58
→ Onderdelen van neuronen ....................................................................................................................................... 59
Synapsen ........................................................................................................................................................................... 60
→ Interneuronale synapsen.......................................................................................................................................... 61
→ Neuro-effectorsynapsen .......................................................................................................................................... 61
→ Myoneurale synaps bij skeletspiervezels ................................................................................................................. 61
→ Myoneurale synaps bij gladde spiervezels ............................................................................................................... 62
, Neurogliacellen of steuncellen........................................................................................................................................... 62
→ Het centrale zenuwstelsel (CZS) ............................................................................................................................... 62
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 64
→ Het perifere zenuwstelsel (PZS)................................................................................................................................ 64
Zenuwvezels ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
→ Zenuwvezels in het PZS............................................................................................................................................. 65
→ Zenuwvezels in het CZS ............................................................................................................................................ 67
Verschillen tussen CZS en PZS ............................................................................................................................................ 67
→ Het centrale zenuwstelsel ........................................................................................................................................ 67
→ Het perifere zenuwstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 67
Bindweefselhulzen ............................................................................................................................................................ 68
De- en regeneratie ............................................................................................................................................................ 68
SAMENVATTING
WEEFSELS
Thomas De Leeuw
Universiteit Gent
,Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding....................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Histologische technieken .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Fixeren................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Inbedden ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Snijden................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Kleuren of contrasteren (lichtmicroscopie) ......................................................................................................................... 5
→ Zure en basische kleurstoffen (HE): ........................................................................................................................... 5
→ Andere kleurtechnieken:............................................................................................................................................ 6
→ Contrasteren (elektronenmicroscopie) ...................................................................................................................... 7
Observatiemethoden ................................................................................................................................................... 8
Lichtmicroscopie (LM) ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Elektronenmicroscopie (EM) ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Speciale observatiemethoden voor visualisatie van niet-gekleurde cellen .......................................................................... 9
Fluorescentiemicroscopie (FM) ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Virtuele microscopie ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
Scanning elektronenmicroscopie (SEM) .............................................................................................................................. 9
Epithelen ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Bedekkend epitheel ........................................................................................................................................................... 10
→ Pseudo(schijn) meerlagig (meerrijig) epitheel .......................................................................................................... 11
→ Meerlagig epitheel ................................................................................................................................................... 11
Apicale oppervlaktespecialisaties ..................................................................................................................................... 13
→ Trilharen of ciliën...................................................................................................................................................... 13
→ Microvili ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Laterale oppervlaktespecialisaties / intercellulaire verbindingen ...................................................................................... 13
→ Tight junctions = zonulae occludens ......................................................................................................................... 13
→ Adherent junctions .................................................................................................................................................. 13
→ Gap junctions = nexussen ......................................................................................................................................... 13
→ Kitlijst of junctiecomplex .......................................................................................................................................... 13
Basale oppervlaktespecialisaties....................................................................................................................................... 15
Klierepitheel ...................................................................................................................................................................... 15
→ Endocriene klieren ................................................................................................................................................... 15
→ Exocriene klieren ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
→ Speekselklieren ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
→ Klieren in de pancreas .............................................................................................................................................. 18
→ Speekselklieren in de trachea ................................................................................................................................... 18
→ Zweetklieren in de dunne huid ................................................................................................................................. 19
→ Talgklieren in de de dunne huid ............................................................................................................................... 19
Myoepitheel ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Neuro-epitheel .................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Transport in epitheelcellen ................................................................................................................................................ 20
Vernieuwing van epithelen ................................................................................................................................................ 21
,Bind- en steunweefsels .............................................................................................................................................. 21
Eigenlijk bindweefsel ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
→ Cellen ....................................................................................................................................................................... 22
→ Extracellulaire matrix (ECM) ..................................................................................................................................... 22
→ Cellen voor aanmaak en onderhoud ........................................................................................................................ 23
→ Cellen voor reserve en isolatie (vetcellen) ................................................................................................................ 24
→ Cellen voor verdediging ........................................................................................................................................... 24
→ Extracellulaire matrix in het eigenlijke bindweefsel ................................................................................................. 28
→ Types van eigenlijk bindweefsel ............................................................................................................................... 31
Bloed ................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
→ Bloedplasma ............................................................................................................................................................. 33
→ Bloedcellen............................................................................................................................................................... 34
→ Bloedgroepen ........................................................................................................................................................... 38
Kraakbeen ......................................................................................................................................................................... 39
→ Opbouw van kraakbeen............................................................................................................................................ 39
→ Cellulaire component ............................................................................................................................................... 40
→ Extracellulaire matrix................................................................................................................................................ 40
→ Soorten kraakbeen ................................................................................................................................................... 40
Bot ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
→ Kleuring van botweefsel ........................................................................................................................................... 42
→ Botcellen .................................................................................................................................................................. 43
→ Extracellulaire matrix ............................................................................................................................................... 44
→ Botsoorten ............................................................................................................................................................... 45
→ Botvorming (osteogenesis) ...................................................................................................................................... 47
→ Gewrichten............................................................................................................................................................... 49
Spierweefsel .............................................................................................................................................................. 50
Skeletspierweefsel (dwarsgestreept spierweefsel) ........................................................................................................... 51
→ Longitudinale doorsnede ......................................................................................................................................... 51
→ Dwarsdoorsnede ...................................................................................................................................................... 51
→ skeletspier ................................................................................................................................................................ 51
→ Skeletspierweefsel: elektromicroscopisch ............................................................................................................... 52
→ Contractiemechanisme: sliding filament principe ................................................................................................... 53
→ Varianten van skeletspierweefsel ............................................................................................................................ 54
→ Groei en regeneratie ................................................................................................................................................ 54
Hartspierweefsel ............................................................................................................................................................... 55
→ Verbindingsstructuren of disci intercalares ............................................................................................................. 55
→ Geleidingssysteem ................................................................................................................................................... 56
→ Groei en regeneratie ................................................................................................................................................ 56
Glad spierweefsel .............................................................................................................................................................. 56
→ Verdere opbouw ...................................................................................................................................................... 57
→ Spiercontractie ......................................................................................................................................................... 57
Zenuwweefsel............................................................................................................................................................ 58
Neuronen .......................................................................................................................................................................... 58
→ Verschillende types neuronen .................................................................................................................................. 58
→ Onderdelen van neuronen ....................................................................................................................................... 59
Synapsen ........................................................................................................................................................................... 60
→ Interneuronale synapsen.......................................................................................................................................... 61
→ Neuro-effectorsynapsen .......................................................................................................................................... 61
→ Myoneurale synaps bij skeletspiervezels ................................................................................................................. 61
→ Myoneurale synaps bij gladde spiervezels ............................................................................................................... 62
, Neurogliacellen of steuncellen........................................................................................................................................... 62
→ Het centrale zenuwstelsel (CZS) ............................................................................................................................... 62
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 64
→ Het perifere zenuwstelsel (PZS)................................................................................................................................ 64
Zenuwvezels ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
→ Zenuwvezels in het PZS............................................................................................................................................. 65
→ Zenuwvezels in het CZS ............................................................................................................................................ 67
Verschillen tussen CZS en PZS ............................................................................................................................................ 67
→ Het centrale zenuwstelsel ........................................................................................................................................ 67
→ Het perifere zenuwstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 67
Bindweefselhulzen ............................................................................................................................................................ 68
De- en regeneratie ............................................................................................................................................................ 68
