Pathophysiology VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2023//2024

Pathophysiology VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2023//2024 A teenager who has a history of achalasia will likely complain of which of the following clinical manifestations? A) Excessive heartburn following a high-fat meal of French fries B) Feeling like there is food stuck in the back of the throat C) Projectile vomiting across the room unrelated to meals D) Vomiting large amounts of bright red emesis - ANSWER B) Feeling like there is food stuck in the back of the throat A client has had severe heart burn associated with persistent gastroesophageal reflux for many years. Which of the following statements made by the client leads the nurse to suspect the client is having a complication related to his reflux? The client is having: A) Difficulty in swallowing with feelings that food is "stuck" in the throat B) Burning sensation a half-hour after a meal C) Substernal chest pain that radiates to the shoulder and arm D) "Hoarseness" unrelieved by coughing or taking a drink of water - ANSWER A) Difficulty in swallowing with feelings that food is "stuck" in the throat Which of the following signs and symptoms most clearly suggests the need for endoscopy to rule out esophageal cancer? A) Heartburn after an individual consumes high-fat meals B) Dysphagia in an individual with no history of neurologic disease C) A new onset of gastroesophageal reflux in a previously healthy individual D) Recurrent episodes of gastritis that do not respond to changes in diet - ANSWER B) Dysphagia in an individual with no history of neurologic disease Acute gastritis refers to a transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa that is most commonly associated with: A) Diarrhea B) Food allergies C) Gastric reflux D) Alcohol intake - ANSWER D) Alcohol intake A client has visited the health care provider following several days of nausea/vomiting and abdominal pain. The provider thinks the client may have Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. As part of the education provided, the client should be informed that which of the following complications can occur if this infection is not eradicated? Select all that apply. A) GI bleeding due to peptic ulcer formation B) Failure to thrive due to malabsorption C) Pyloric stenosis due to inability to empty the stomach D) Gastric cancer due to metaplasia changes in the cells - ANSWER A) GI bleeding due to peptic ulcer formation D) Gastric cancer due to metaplasia changes in the cells A 60-year-old male client has presented to his primary care provider to follow up with his ongoing treatment for peptic ulcer disease. What is the most likely goal of this client's pharmacologic treatment? A) Inhibiting gastric acid production B) Promoting hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa C) Increasing the rate of gastric emptying D) Increasing muscle tone of the cardiac sphincter - ANSWER A) Inhibiting gastric acid production A client is diagnosed with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Which of the following clinical manifestations confirm this diagnosis? Select all that apply. A) Burning, gnawing pain when the stomach is empty B) Pain located near the midline close to the xiphoid process C) Excessive belching and burping following meals D) Continuous vomiting lasting many days at a time - ANSWER A) Burning, gnawing pain when the stomach is empty B) Pain located near the midline close to the xiphoid process Which of the following diagnostic methods are utilized when gastric cancer is suspected? Select all that apply. A) Barium swallow study B) Endoscopic exam with biops