EMR Final Review Questions and Answers Graded A+

EMR Final Review Questions and Answers Graded A+ Primary responsibilities of an EMR Ensure safety of self/others, gain access to patient, check for life-threatening conditions, summon/assist more advanced medical personnel, provide care for the patient. Indirect medical control Standing orders, procedures performed according to normal protocol Advance directive Written instructions that documents the patient's wishes if they are unable to communicate. Example: DNR Trip sheet Another name for a prehospital care report. Pinch the glove near the wrist on the palm side of the hand The first step in removing disposable gloves. Standard precautions "If it's wet and not yours, don't touch it" Ensure scene safety (of self and others) First step when arriving on the scene of an emergency. 360-degree assessment Looking in all directions for possible dangers Where to park your ambulance 50 feet away to help re-direct traffic, 100 feet away if there is a fire, 2000 feet away for a HAZMAT incident Do not disturb items in a crime scene. When taking care of a victim in a possible crime scene, be sure to remember this. Biohazard container An engineering control used to collect contaminated items How diseases are spread (and example) Direct contact (HIV), indirect contact (Hepatitis), respiratory droplet (TB), vector-borne (Malaria) Skin The body's largest organ and best defense against pathogens. Identify yourself Before providing care to a patient, you must obtain consent. This is the first step to that. Good Samaritan Law Law which protects people helping in an emergency if they act in good faith (not compensated) and according to their level of training. Scope of practice The duties and skills that are expected to be performed for a certain job. Standard of Care The extent and quality of care expected from your level of training. Levels of EMS training From least to most: EMR, EMT, AEMT, Paramedic Competence The patient's ability to understand the EMR's questions and the implications of decisions made. Dispatch Where the public contacts to activate the EMS system Proper lifting/moving techniques Reach no more than 20 inches from your body, push rather than pull, use the power grip, lift with your legs (power/squat lift) Situations where you SHOULD move a patient Immediate danger, gaining access to other patients, providing proper care Frontal Plane Divides the body into front and back portions. Also known as the Coronal Plane. Sagittal Plane Divides the body into right and left portions Transverse Plane Divides the body into top and bottom portions. Also known as the Axial or Horizontal Plane. Superior Higher or closer to the head Inferior Lower or closer to the feet Lateral Further away from the midline of the body Medial Closer to the midline of the body Tachy- Suffix meaning fast Brady- Suffix meaning slow Hypo- Suffix meaning low or insufficient Hyper- Suffix meaning high or excessive Body cavities Cranial (brain), Spinal (spinal cord), Thoracic (heart, lungs), Abdominal (stomach, spleen, liver, etc.), Pelvic (appendix, colon, bladder, etc.) Vital organs Brain, heart, lungs Ligament Attaches bone to bone Tendon Attaches muscle to bone Femur Thigh bone Clavicle Collar bone Patella Knee cap Tibia Shin bone Endocrine system The body system responsible for hormone production (testosterone, insulin, etc.) Immune system The body system responsible for fighting disease. HAINES position Recovery position for a spine injured victim Stair chair Used to move victims up and down stair cases Use restraints Proper treatment of a patient who is thrashing or kicking Systolic blood pressure The top number of the blood pressure, indicates the force against blood vessel walls during heart contractions. Diastolic blood pressure The bottom number of the blood pressure, indicates the force against blood vessel walls between heart contractions. Fingers under the angles of the jaw Hand position to perform the jaw thrust. Absorption, Inhalation, Injection, Ingestion 4 methods that poisoning can enter the body Status epilepticus A seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes, considered life threatening Myocardial infarction A heart attack. Stimulants Substances used to increase mental and physical activity, prevents fatigue. Narcotics Drugs used to reduce pain, highly addictive Depressants Substances used to decrease mental and physical activity, relieves anxiety, promotes sleep, impairs coordination and judgement Heat exhaustion Symptoms of this include cool/pale or flushed skin, fast/weak pulse, headache, fatigue and dizziness Heat cramps Treatment for this includes light massage, stretching and fluid replacement. Adult chest compressions Two hands in the center of the chest, keep fingers off chest, shoulders above wrists, elbows locked, compress chest at least 2 inches at a rate of 100 compressions per minute. 2 types of airway obstruction Anatomical and Mechanical Larger tongue, smaller trachea, nose breather Anatomical differences in infants/children that increase the risk of respiratory problems. Oropharyngeal airway Used to maintain the airway, only used on unconscious victims with no gag reflex 15 liters/minute Fixed flow rate oxygen is usually set at this flow rate. Oxygen safety guidelines Do not use around flame/sparks, do not use grease or oil on cylinder, do not leave standing upright, do not drag or roll cylinder, do not carry by valve/regulator, don't use cylinder if it is 200 psi or less Steps to administer oxygen Verify label and markings on oxygen cylinder, clear the valve, attach the regulator, open the cylinder one full turn, attach the delivery device, adjust the flowmeter, verify oxygen flow, place on patient. Finger sweep Method to clear the mouth of a foreign material in an unconscious victim. Principles of suctioning Measure from earlobe to mouth, suction no more than 15 seconds while withdrawing the tip in a sweeping motion Hypoperfusion Another term for shock Treatment for shock Check ABC's, provide oxygen if available, treat any blood loss, prevent loss of body heat with a blanket, calm and reassure victim, do not give anything to eat/drink, monitor vitals Ongoing Assessment Re-check every 5 minutes for an unstable patient, every 15 minutes for a stable patient. Venous bleeding This type of bleeding is characterized by a steady flow, dark red color. Arterial bleeding This type of bleeding is characterized by spurting, is difficult to stop and is bright red. Treatment for external bleeding Direct pressure with a sterile dressing, secure the dressing with a bandage, apply more layers if it bleeds through, maintain direct pressure Occlusive dressing Used to treat a sucking chest wound Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding Discoloration/bruising, nausea, coughing up blood, painful/swollen/firm tissue, signs of shock Treatment of thermal burns Cool and cover Treatment for electrical burns Make sure scene is safe (electricity is off), perform a primary assessment, inspect entry/exit wounds, cool with water and loosely cover Treatment for chemical burns Brush off dry chemicals with a gloved hand, flush the area with large amounts of cool running water Treatment for open abdominal injury Summon advanced medical personnel, position patient on back with knees bent, remove clothing around the wound, apply moist clean dressings, cover with plastic, keep warm with towel/blanket, treat for shock Mechanism of Injury The force that causes a traumatic injury, how an injury occurs Dislocation A broken joint - the two bones that come together to form a joint are out of place Fracture A broken bone Treatment of an open fracture Do not press directly over open wound, use bulky dressings around the wound, splint the joints above and below the injury Exceptions to inline spine stabilization Sharp angulation of the head/neck or increase in pressure/pain with movement Manual stabilization Placing your hands on both sides of the patients head and holding still Seizure care Protect the patient from injury, maintain an open airway (recovery position as needed), do NOT put anything in the mouth Stroke Disruption of blood flow to the brain. FAST acronym helps you remember what to do if you suspect one. Fevers in children May cause febrile seizures, care includes gentle cooling - removing excess clothing, sponge with lukewarm water. Do not use rubbing alcohol or ice water baths to cool down the body. Labor The birthing process, starts with contractions and dilation of the cervix, includes delivery of the baby and ends with stabilization of the mother. How to know if birth is imminent Contractions are 2 min apart, crowning, mother reports the urge to push Braxton-Hicks contractions False labor contractions, sporadic in nature, do not increase in length or intensity Prolapsed umbilical cord Life threatening condition for an infant during childbirth, evidenced by seeing a loop of the umbilical cord protruding from the birth canal before the baby is born. Treatment includes having the mother assume a knee to chest position to take pressure off the cord and summoning advance medical personnel. The Emergency Response Guidebook Contains information regarding identifying and handling hazardous materials Hot zone The exclusion zone in a HAZMAT incident Cold zone The support zone in a HAZMAT incident Chemical agent Weapon of mass destruction (WMD) classification which includes nerve agents and blood agents (cyanide). Antidotes (like DuoDote) may help treat exposure. Biological agent Weapon of mass destruction (WMD) classification which is the deliberate release of pathogens (disease) for the purpose of causing harm to life. Incident Command System Used to manage an emergency situation, organizes who is responsible for overall direction and the roles of other participants. Extrication The safe and appropriate removal of a patient trapped in a motor vehicle or a dangerous situation HAZMAT incident Any situation where there is a substance that can pose a threat to health, safety and property. Critical Incident Stress Can cause distress or disruption in a person's mental or emotional balance. Signs/symptoms include poor concentration, guilt, uncharacteristic silence, anger, and change in interactions with others