AP Computer Science Principles: Internet TEST (questions and answers)complete

hat is a bit? - a single unit of data that can only have one of two values (such as a 1 or 0) What is a byte? - Eight bits (e.g.) What is bandwidth? - the transmission capacity of a system (measured by the amount of data (measured in bits) that can be sent in a specific amount of time) What is latency? - time between the transmission and the receipt of a message How can number storage limitation cause overflow errors? - Certain programs limit how many numbers they can store (e.g. if limit is 4 bits, then storage goes up to 1010). After a number that is long enough goes over the limit, it causes overflow, which returns an overflow error (e.g. infinity or NaN) What are floating point numbers? - a binary version of scientific notation. It's called floating point because the decimal point "floats" to just after the first digit. (e.g. 2.1273647e+32) How can floating points lead to round-off errors? - Floating points round off the last digits of a infinite/large number, which can cause a rounding that might be incorrect when manipulated (e.g. 1/3=0.3333, but when multiplied by 3, it states 0.99999 and not 1) What does an ethernet cable use? What are its features? - It uses electricity to send bits. Best for close distances, but cheap and has potential signal loss What does an fiber optic cable use? What are its features? - It uses light to send bits. Best for far distances, fast, and lower potential signal loss, but expensive and hard to work with What is a web browser? - An app used to access web pagesWhat is an URL? - Uniform Resource Locator: an address for accessing specific web data located on a server What is a DNS server? - Domain Name System server: a computer or computers hosting data for other to access What is HTTP? - HyperText Transfer Protocol: language used to communicate between web browsers and servers What is HTML? - HyperText Markup Language: language used to tell a web browser how to make a page look What two components does HTML decide seperately? - (1) the text on the web page (2) each seperate picture and video (a seperate HTML code for every one of those) What are the steps of accessing a web page? - (1) Open web browser (2) type in URL or other (3) HTTP code [get () request] is sent to DNS (4) DNS returns HTTP containing HTML files to make up page