LPN Pharmacology- Final Exam | latest 2023-24 with complete solution

LPN Pharmacology- Final Exam | latest 2023-24 with complete solution 150lbs converted to Kg? - 150/2.2 = 68kg infection - invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism that multiply and produce toxins that react in a dangerous way and produce illness in the host organism what can happen to normal body bacteria/flora when taking antibiotics? - *antibiotics can disrupt the normal flora in the body and cause yeast or fungal infections to occur OR (basically the same thing) *when antibiotics are given to kill off the infectious bacteria, the normal flora is also killed off candida is a _________ - common yeast infections that often overgrows to cause a fungal infection the common treatment of oral candidiasis (Thrush) - Nystatin common treatment for vaginal candidiasis? - fluconazole is gram-positive or negative more difficult to eliminate? why? - *gram-negative is harder to eliminate *due to: -being more complex -has an outer capsule that has two cell wall membranes mycosis - fungal infection How would we refer to bacteria or organisms that are resistant to multiple antibiotics? - *superbug OR *multidrug-resistant (MDR) organism advice to clients taking antibiotics while on oral contraceptives - use another form of protection since some antibiotics can make BC less effective which classification of antibiotics is not a cell wall synthesis inhibitor? - tetracyclines what do the terms penicillinase and beta-lactamases refer to? - enzymes that some bacteria produce that gives them resistance against penicillin why is it important that the client know to take an aminoglycoside antibiotic drug for the full length of time prescribed? - to prevent accidental excessive exposure of the drug AND to prevent creating a superbug serious side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics? - *nephrotoxicity *ototoxicity -permanent damage to the inner ear What is the purpose of taking antiviral drugs? - stops the reproduction of the virus adverse effect of antiviral drugs? - Upper abdominal pain that radiates to the lower back best time to begin an antiviral drug for exposure to the flu? - as soon as possible what would be the ideal time frame for beginning drug treatment for the flu? - within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms a common antiviral drug - acyclovir How do sulfonamides work? - they enter the bacteria and prevent them from making the final form of folic acid, which is needed for bacterial growth and function if a client is hospitalized, they may require higher amounts of nutrition due to what factors? - *to promote healing *to meet the demands of the body what source of nutrition will promote growth and tissue repair OR maintenance and enzyme production? - *Proteins -composed of amino acids what lab test can help determine the nutritional needs of a client? - prealbumin Which vitamins are fat soluble? - *A *D *E *K what vitamins are excreted in urine and not stored in the body? - water-soluble vitamins best source of vitamin D - sunlight what ingredient can sometimes be found in cold medicine drugs? - alcohol what types of OTC drugs should be avoided if clients have certain diseases involving the liver, kidneys, or gastric issues like ulcers? - ibuprofen if a client is taking acetaminophen and also uses cough medications, what do we need to caution clients about regarding these OTC drugs? - overdose can cause liver failure aching or throbbing pain in one area of the body is referred to as _________ type of pain - nociceptive aching deep in the body is referred to as ________ type of pain - visceral sharp shooting or burning pain is referred to as ________ type of pain - neuropathic what drug may be prescribed for treatment of muscle spasms? - cyclobenzaprine what drug might be offered for mild pain? - acetaminophen what can the nurse do for pain instead of drug therapy? - massage how do opioids work in the body? - they bind to opioid receptors as agonists to activate the opioid receptors what term do we use to describe the need for higher doses of opioid meds when the normal dose isn't relieving pain? - tolerance the common side effect(s) of opioid use besides addiction - *constipation *sedation morphine sulfate side effect - respiratory depression potential side effect for muscle relaxants - hypotension what term