PSU Chem 210 Final Review Questions with Correct Solutions | Graded A+

E2 Reaction - One-Step with no intermediates, Base takes off proton + LG leaves with double bond formation. What type of carbons do E2 rxns favor? - Tertiary What is a Zaitsev product? - Double bond formation on more substituted carbon What is a Hoffman product? - Double bond formation on less substituted carbon When using a stericallly hindered base (t-BuOK, LDA), which product is more favorable? - Hoffman When using Eto- or less sterically hindered base, which product is more favorable? - Zaitsev E1 Reaction - 2 step process, LG leaves and forms carbocation, then base takes off proton and makes double bond What type of carbocations do elimination reactions prefer? - Tertiary What is the rate determining step of an E1 reaction? - LG leaving What stereochemistry do E1 reactions usually want? - Trans If the substrate is OH in a potential E1 reaction, what must be done before anything else? - Need a SA to protonate What makes a better nucleophile? - Large atoms What do halogens usually react as? - Nucleophiles What energy level does the electrophile contribute to? - Lumo What energy level does the nucleophile contribute to? - Homo If OH is a leaving group, what can you convert it to? - TsCl What are some good nucleophiles that aren't bases? - Cl-, Br-, I-, Hs-, H2s, RS-, RSH What are some strong nucleophiles AND bases? - OH-, Eto-, MeO- What are some weak nucleophiles AND bases? - H20, EtOH, MeOH Strong nucleophiles are good for ______________ reactions. - Substitution Sterically Hindered bases or "bases only "are good for _____________ reactions - E2 Strong nucleophile and bases are good for ____________ reactions - E2 or Sn2 Weak nucleophile and bases are good for ___________ reactions - E1 or Sn1 Sn2 Reactions - LG leaves and gets replaced in one step while seeing an inversion in stereochemistry. What type of electrophiles does Sn2 rxns favor? - Primary What type of nucleophiles does Sn2 favor? - Strong (neg charge) What type of solvents does Sn2 like? - Polar Aprotic (DMSO, DME, DMF) Sn1 Reactions - LG leaves, carbocation intermediate forms, then nucleophile attacks to get racemic mixture of products. What type of electrophile intermediates do Sn1 reactions like? - Tertiary What type of nucleophile do Sn1 reactions like? - Weak (H20, F-, ROH)