CPDT-KA 2023 REVIEW UPDATE

CPDT-KA 2023 REVIEW UPDATE Operant Conditioning - Skinner - learned by association -works with VOLUNTARY behaviors - applying reinforcement or punishment AFTER the behavior Creator of this method considered a "reinforcer" something that made a behavior occur more frequently. If there was no change in the behavior, it wasn't a reinforcement. Formula: Discriminative Stimulus (your command)-Response-Consequence Classical Conditioning - Pavlov - Learned association between 2 events: 1 event is neutral and 1 event elicits an unconditioned response. Works with INVOLUNTARY/automatic behaviors (like drooling) and placing a neutral sign (like ringing a bell) BEFORE it. Learning - a change in behavior that lasts for a long time Performance - the doing of a behavior, doesn't mean that something was learned Discriminative Stimulus - Your command Temporary Criteria - the beginning steps of an exercise towards performing a command that is new to the dog Reward Based Training - uses positive reinforcement (rewards) and negative punishment (removing something the dog likes - i.e. your attention) Primary Reinforcer - food, water, anything dog needs for survival. Food activates parasympathetic nervous system, can calm dog, make him less fearful, & result in training process being enjoyable Secondary Reinforcer aka Conditioned Reinforcer - Clicker, saying "yes", . . . marks a behavior as rewardable and promises reward in near future. Rewards such as tennis balls, petting, clapping, tug- dog is conditioned to like them. ALL OF THESE ARE LEARNED THROUGH CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. Tertiary Reinforcer - cues the dog knows and enjoys doing. the doing is the reinforcer One of the most important points about reinforcement - Do not feed or reinforce unwanted behaviors during training Shaping - rewards dog for successive approximations of the behavior Luring - lead the dog into the behavior by tempting with a treat Prompting - Much like luring only the animal can't see the treat Chaining - method of teaching a complex sequence of behaviors. each behavior signals the other behavior that eventually signals a reward. Doing this from the last step to the first step is usually the most efficient way - with the last behavior trained first, followed by a reward. Then teach the behavior that will preceed that one, etc, etc. Free Shaping - No instruction, cues or input is given, except for the clicker. Stimulus Control - how a dog responds to cue Under stimulus control - when dog does not: 1. refuse to give behavior when cued to do so the behavior if not cued to do so the behavior for a different cue 4. give a different behavior on the cue Superstitious Behavior - some irrelevant behavior that the dog performs along with the desired one thinking that it's required to earn the reward. Usually the result of an accidental reinforcement VSR - Variable Schedules of Reinforcement - for fluency Differential Reinforcement - A type of VSR where we look for the best examples of the behavior to reward & ignore other offers Limited Hold - (VSR) Reward is available only for a certain length of time. It rewards the SPEED of response. Operant conditioning - Majority of dog training is this type Habituation - A decrease in the strength of a naturally elicited behavior that occurs through repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus. The reason for varying rewards - Because dogs can habituate to rewards resulting in slower, less vigorous responses Sensitization - reaction to a stimulus becomes even stronger when the stimulus is being shown repeatedly CER Conditioned Emotional Response - i.e. dog rides in car, hears backfire, now associates ride in car with loud scary noises and doesn't want to ride in cars. Very resistant to extinction Adaptation - Involves the physical process of training. Sometimes confused with habituation but has nothing to do with learning. It's the tiring of sensory neurons to perceive the stimulus. Continues...