Georgia Biology EOC Tests Complete Solutions

Where do all cells come from? correct answer: Cells that already exist. The maximum population of a particular organism that a given environment can support without detrimental effects. correct answer: Carrying Capacity a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism. correct answer: Gamete the cell produced by the union of two gametes which are the sex cells. This is the 1st cell of the organism. correct answer: Zygote The young/offspring of animals during the early stages of development in the womb or egg. correct answer: Embryo a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross correct answer: Punnett Square The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and environmental influences. correct answer: Phenotype the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits. correct answer: Genotype any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for hereditary variation. correct answer: Allele having identical pairs of genes/alleles for any given pair of hereditary characteristics correct answer: Homozygous having dissimilar pairs of genes/alleles for any hereditary characteristic correct answer: Heterozygous A trait that will appear/be expressed in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it in a gamete. correct answer: Dominant Trait A trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear/be expressed in the offspring correct answer: Recessive Trait the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into daughter cells at division in mitosis and meiosis. correct answer: Nondisjunction a sudden change from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome correct answer: Mutation the development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population correct answer: Genetic Engineering DNA in which one or more segments or genes have been inserted, either naturally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or from another part of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination correct answer: Recombinant DNA The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template resulting in the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA molecule. correct answer: Transcription the process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such as DNA molecules, that occurs during growth of living organisms correct answer: Replication The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes work together to create a protein molecule from amino acids. The amino acids used is controlled by the 3-base sequences of the mRNA called codons. correct answer: Traslation A community of interacting organisms and their environment correct answer: Ecosystem An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for other organisms in a food chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food through photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances into food through chemosynthesis correct answer: Producer used to identify a plant or animal in which each stage presents descriptions of two distinguishing characters, with a direction to another stage in the key, until the species is identified correct answer: Dichotomous Key a system for naming plants and animals by means of two Latin names: the first indicating the genus and the second the species to which the organism belongs correct answer: Binomial Nomenclature any organism capable of self-nourishment by using inorganic materials as a source of nutrients and using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis as a source of energy correct answer: Autotroph