samenvatting Materiaalleer 3: deel Dries Posen: H1 kunststoffen

Materiaalleer 3
Hoofdstuk 1: kunststoffen
Deel Dries Posen_2022-2023


Inhoud
Overzicht.................................................................................................................................................................2
Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................2
 Soorten kunststoffen (afkortingen) ............................................................................................................2
Definitie ..................................................................................................................................................................3
 Kunststoffen ...............................................................................................................................................3
 Additieven...................................................................................................................................................3
Geschiedenis ...........................................................................................................................................................3
 Natuurproducten: wijzigen = betere eig. ...................................................................................................3
 Volledig synthetische mat. .........................................................................................................................3
Productie ................................................................................................................................................................4
 Ontstaan aardolie .......................................................................................................................................4
 Raffinaderij .................................................................................................................................................4
Polymerisatie ..........................................................................................................................................................4
 Macromoleculen / polymeren ....................................................................................................................4
 2 soorten polymerisatie..............................................................................................................................5
 Koolwaterstoffen ........................................................................................................................................5
 Kristalliniteit................................................................................................................................................6
Classificatie .............................................................................................................................................................6
 Structuur .....................................................................................................................................................6
Eigenschappen ........................................................................................................................................................7
 Thermische eigenschappen ........................................................................................................................7
 Mechanische eigenschappen .....................................................................................................................7
Vormgevingstechnieken (afspeellijsten) ................................................................................................................8
 Extrusie .......................................................................................................................................................8
 Handlaminatie ............................................................................................................................................8
 Spuitlaminatie .............................................................................................................................................9
 Rotatievormen ............................................................................................................................................9
 Spuitgieten..................................................................................................................................................9
 Thermovormen ...........................................................................................................................................9
Verbindingstechnieken (afspeellijsten) ............................................................................................................... 10
 Extrusielassen .......................................................................................................................................... 10
 Lijmen – algemeen................................................................................................................................... 10

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, Fysisch uithardende lijmen .......................................................................................................................... 10
Chemisch uithardende lijmen...................................................................................................................... 10
 Lijmen – hechtmachine ........................................................................................................................... 10
 Moflassen ................................................................................................................................................ 10
 Pendellassen ............................................................................................................................................ 10




Overzicht
 Organisch:
- Grondst. uit levende
organismen (aardolie,
aardgas)
- Bevatten vaak koolstoffen

 Polymeren: lange ketens v. deeltjes
 Kunststoffen = PM +
toevoegstoffen
 Plastic = specifieke
thermoplasten




Inleiding
VOORDELEN NADELEN
 Productie makkelijk industrialiseren  Bros na tijd
 Goed mat. imiteren (ook bouwmat.)  Invloed v. temp. op soepelh.
 Makkelijk vorm te geven (verschillende
technieken)
 Recycleerb. (vaak down-cycling)


 Soorten kunststoffen (afkortingen)
PET Polyethyleentereftalaat
PE-HD Polyetheen – hogedichtheidstype (high-density)
PE-LD Polyetheen – lagedichtheidstype (low-density)
PE-LLD Polyetheen – lineair lagedichtheidstype (linear low-density)
PVC Polyvinylchloride
PS Polystyreen
PS-E Polystyreen – geëxpandeerd
PUR Polyurethaan
PP Polypropyleen




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