Nutrition 101 2023 with complete solution

Nutrition is the study of... How the body ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, metabolizes, and excretes nutrients. All of these diseases are impacted and influenced by nutrition... Cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Poor nutrition can directly and indirectly... Impact disease risk What is the prime age for a heart attack for men? Women? 45 for men. 55 or after menopause for woman. What is a nutrient? A chemical structured substance obtained from food that the body can utilize. What are the six nutrient classes? Protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water. What are macronutrients? Items we consume in large quantities. Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and water. Can be weighed in grams. What are micronutrients? Items we consume in small amounts. Minerals and vitamins. Weigh in milligram or micrograms. What percent of water do women have in their bodies? Men? 50% water for women, 60% water for men Which out of the six nutrients can you go the shortest time without? Water. You could die. Dehydration impacts the functioning of what? Your metabolism What is the range of body fat usually between? 15%-25% of the body mass The more fatty tissue.. The less body water The more lean tissue... The more body water How much lean tissue do people usually have? 20% protein. Men tend to have more due to more lean mass and less body fat. How much of our body mass is minerals? 4%-5%. Men contain more than woman Bone composition is primarily? Minerals How much of our body mass is vitamins? Less than 1% Define organic Molecules that contain carbon. All living things contain carbon. Which of the six nutrients contain carbon? Protein, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins. Carbon bonds can be Broken To digest protein, fats, and carbohydrates your body has to... Break carbon bonds What is Nutrition? The science of food and their nutrients and composition. Food supplies nutrients which... Provides energy, serve as building materials, and help maintain or repair body parts. What percent of body fat do woman have? Men? Woman 25%, men 15%. How much of our body mass is carbohydrates? Less than 1%. Define inorganic Does not contain carbon What are inorganic nutrients? minerals and water Define essential nutrients Nutrients that the body either cannot make or cannot make at a sufficient rate to meet the body's needs. (Water) Define phytochemicals Non-nutrient plant chemicals that contain protective, disease preventing compounds Phytochemicals prevent, inhibit, or Reverse carcinogenesis What is energy measured in? Calories If a pear provides 100 calories, how much is it in kilocalories. 100 because we call kilocalories calories What nutrients do we get energy from? Carbohydrates, fats, and protein How many calories do carbohydrate yield? 4 kcals/g How many calories do protein yield? 4 kcals/g How many calories do fat yield? 9 kcals/g How many calories does alcohol yield? 7 kcals/g What is a epidemiological study? Scientist observe or investigate how much or what kinds of foods a group is eating Epidemiological study results may identify an... Association between an eating habit and health What is an animal study? Scientist feed animals a special diet that either provides or omits specific nutrients. Observed any changes in animal health due to diet controlled conditions. (Cause and Effect) What is a case-control study? Scientist compare people who do and do not have a certain condition What is a human intervention? Scientist ask people to change a behavior or habit to determine if a new food or habit can prevent a disease or improve health What is NAS? National Academy of Sciences What are daily reference intakes? Estimation of nutrient needs based on scientific evidence. DRIs are developed by? Food and Nutrition Board of the NAS What values make up the DRIs? EARs, RDAs, AIs, and ULs What is EARs? Estimated average requirements. What is RDAs? Recommended Dietary Allowances. Takes average requirement and adds 2 standard deviations to cover most everyone. Goal intake What is AIs? Adequate intakes. Based on average amount consumed by healthy people. Goal intake What is ULs? Tolerable upper limit intakes. Maximum amount. Not a goal intake How do you determine if a person's nutritional status is healthy? A: anthropometric B: biochemical C: clinical D: dietary What is anthropometric data? Data from body measures What is biochemical? Laboratory tests, blood and urine What is clinical? Physical signs of symptoms of a disease or deficiency What is dietary? Analyze what people are eating A healthy diet must be... Adequate, moderate, balanced, and varied Adequate diets must... Provide enough energy, nutrients, and fiber for good health A diet can be adequate for one person, but... Inadequate for another A diet can be adequate in many nutrients, but... Still inadequate in a few others Moderate diets must... Provide the right amounts of foods to optimize weight and health A balanced diet contains... The right combinations of foods to balance the nutrients you eat A varied diet improves... Chances of eating different nutrients What is nutrient density? Amount of essential nutrients in a serving of food compared with the caloric value Nutrient dense means? Lots of nutrients for low Kcals What is a more nutrient dense food milk or cheese? Milk Which has more calcium vs kcals, whole milk or skim milk? Skim milk Vegetarian's tend to eat too little of B12 (comes from animals products only), Iron, Zinc, Calcium, and Protein Not enough of B12 causes Neurological Damage: needed to coat your villin plates. Helps with proper connections in your brain Not enough iron causes Anemia: tiredness Not enough zinc causes Poor growth, low taste acuity, poor sexual maturation Not enough calcium causes Osteoporosis: bone Not enough protein causes Too little Kcals What is required on the food label? Product name, net contents, ingredients, nutrition information, name and address of manufacturer The nutrition facts panel contains Nutrition information required by the FDA. What is on the nutrition facts panel? Serving size and servings per container What is on the nutrition facts label? Calories per serving and calories from fat per serving Daily values are based on.. 2000 kcal diet Daily value for fat? 65 grams (30%) Daily value for saturated fat? 20 grams (10%) Daily value for carbohydrates? 300 grams (60%) daily value for protein? 50 grams Daily value for fiber? 25 grams Daily value for sodium? 2400 mg High greater than 20% of daily value Good 10-19% of daily value Which hormone is released from the small intestine and tells the pancreas to release base? Secretin Most of the digestions of carbs, proteins, and fats occurs in the.. Small intestine Which hormone is released to help lower your blood sugars by getting sugars into your cells? Insulin Insoluble fiber helps sponge up and excrete cholesterol so it lowers heart disease risk. True or false? False What do we call the form of carbohydrate that we store for later in our liver and muscles? Glycogen Saturated fats are heart healthy and have double bonds, true or false? False Too much exposure to oxygen can break apart double bonds and make oils go rancids if they have this type of fat.. Unsaturated Which of the following is not an end product of carbohydrate metabolism? Nitrogen A person may gain weight from eating too many calories from a food even if it is fat-free, true or false? True The adequate intake is known as The average daily nutrient level assumed to be adequate A study that tries to get a person to change their behavior is known as what type of study Human intervention Of the five food groups in MY PLATE, your plate should be half of what food groups? Fruits and vegetables Define homeostasis The maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions-controlled by many "systems" in the body Is body water homeostaticly controlled? Yes How much of the water in your body is intracellular (inside of cells) 2/3