Ethics Final Exam Question and answer 100% solved 2023

Ethics Final Exam Question and answer 100% solved 2023According to Appiah, What does the term cosmopolitan mean? According to Appiah cosmopolitanism is "the idea that we have obligations to others, obligations that stretch beyond those to who we are related by the ties of kith and kind, or even the more formal ties of a shared citizenship. The other is that we take seriously the value of not just human life but of particular human lives, which means taking an interest in the practices and beliefs that lend them significance" (Appiah 59). In other words the idea of cosmopolitanism is that each person is a member of the world. What are two strands of cosmopolitan identified by Appiah? Cosmopolitanism can be explained in two strands. The first is the idea that we are all connected and have an obligation to others. These obligations "strech beyond those whom we are related by the titles of kith and kind or even... citizenship" (Appiah 59). The second strand tells us that how human life is lived is just as important as human life it self. We must respect others cultures and value them. Tell the story of Sir Richard Francis Burton. What do you think this story illustrates? Victorian adventurer Travelled through Europe w/ family as a child Lunguist b/c of constant traveling to different countries w/ different languages as well as from studies European swordsman: challenged someone bc they made fun of his mustache lol wtf At 21, went to work for the East India Company Translated a bunch of stuff Shattered mirror - exposed to so many cultures and viewpoints and learned that to know the truth you need to see all of them - just one or two won't give you the full picture What does the metaphor of the shattered mirror refer to? Burton is a standing refutation, then, to those who imagine that prejudice derives only from ignorance, that intimacy must breed amity. You can be genuinely engaged with the ways of other societies without approving, let alone adopting, them. And though his Kasidah endorsed the kind of spiritualism that was common among the educated upper classes in late Victorian England, its image of the shattered mirror — each shard of which reflects one part of a complex truth from its own particular angle — seems to express exactly the conclusion of Burton' s long exposure to the philosophies and the customs of many people and places: you will find parts of the truth (along with much error) everywhere and the whole truth nowhere. The deepest mistake, he supposed, is to think that your little shard of mirror can reflect the whole. According to Appiah, what is the role of language and conversation in shaping collective values? "I've said that language helps shape common response of thought, action, and feeling. But when the issue is what to do, differences in what we think and feel can fall away" (Appiah 63). Links us all together What are some key features to positivism? "There are facts and there are values." "Unlike values, facts-the things that make beliefs true and false-are the natural inhabitants of the world, the things that scientists can study or that we can explore with our own sense." "If people in other places have different basic desires from people around here-and so have different values-that's not something that we can rationally criticize. No appeal to reason can correct them." "If no appeal to reasons can correct them, then trying to change their minds must involve appeal to something other than reason: which is to say, to something unreasonable. There seems no alternative to relativism about fundamental values." (22)