Advanced Patho Exam 1 Db Questions
With 100% Correct Answers 2023
Passive transport requires energy to move an uncharged molecule across a
semipermeable membrane.
True
False - Correct Answer- The answer is False
"In passive transport, water and small, electrically uncharged molecules move easily
through pores in the plasma membrane's lipid bilayer. Molecules will easily flow downhill
from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, this movement is
called passive because it doesn't require expenditure of energy. It is driven by osmosis,
hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion, all of which depend on the laws of physics and do
not require life" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 28).
_________ is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the
injury has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for _________ is the
production of growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell
components and ultimately, to divide.
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy - Correct Answer- The answer is A
"Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the
injury has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for hyperplasia is the
production of growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell
components and ultimately, to divide. Another mechanism is increased output of new
cells from tissue stem cells" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 48).
Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and
bone) usually end in what suffix?
A. Phoma
B. Kemia
C. Carcinoma
D. Sarcoma - Correct Answer- The answer is D
"Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and
bone) usually have the suffix sarcoma" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 347).
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Hypocalcemia?
,A. Negative Trousseau's sign
B. Tapping on the facial nerve below the temple and the nose/lip twitching
C. Coma
D. Serum Calcium level of 9.4 mg/dl - Correct Answer- THE ANSWER IS B. Tapping on
the facial nerve below the temple and the nose/lip twitching is also known as a positive
Cvostek sign. The symptoms of hypocalcemia are related to neuromuscular irritability. A
positive Trousseau's sign would be a manifestation of hypocalcemia, not a negative
one. Serum Calcium level would need to be below 8.5 mg/dl to indicate hypocalcemia.
(McCance et al. 2014, p. 120).
Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic acidosis?
A. Renal Failure
B. Diarrhea
C. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
D. Vomiting - Correct Answer- THE ANSWER IS D. Vomiting would cause Metabolic
Alkalosis not Metabolic Acidosis. Metabolic Acidosis happens when the concentration of
non-carbonic acids increases or bicarb is lost from ECF and cannot be regenerated by
the kidney. (McCance et al. 2014, p. 126-127).
_____ refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells.
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia - Correct Answer- THE ANSWER IS D. "Dysplasia refers to abnormal
changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells" (McCance et al. 2014, p.
53-54).
TRUE or False. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in
the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's
organelles. - Correct Answer- Answer: TRUE
Rationale: "The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in the
synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's
organelles. It consists of a network of tubular or saclike channels that extend throughout
,the cytoplasm and are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane" (McCance, K. L.,
Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Which of the following statements are proven to be true about prostate cancer? Select
all that apply:
A. Having an affected first-degree relative increases your chance of developing prostate
cancer
B. Non-genetic risk factors include high-carbohydrate diet
C. Prostate cancer usually progresses rapidly
D. Prostate cancer can be detected by digital examination and by examining PSA levels
E. The mean age of onset for developing prostate cancer is 72 years of age - Correct
Answer- Answers: A, D, E
Rationale: Review section over prostate cancer in text. Non-genetic risk factors include
high-fat diet. Prostate cancer usually progresses very slowly. (McCance, K. L., Huether,
S.E., Brashers, V. L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Which of the following statements are true about type II diabetes? Select all that apply:
A. Type II diabetes is insulin resistant
B. Type II diabetes in autoimmune
C. Age of onset is usually >40 years
D. Obesity is common with type II diabetes
E. The body does not produce insulin with type II diabetes - Correct Answer- Answers:
A, C, D
Rationale: Refer to table 5.7 "Comparison of Major Features of Type 1 and Type 2
Diabetes" (McCance, K. L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Your patient presents complaining of tingling, muscle spasms in her feet and intestinal
cramping. Upon examination, you elicit a positive Chvostek sign. These are indicative of
a. Hypercalcemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypokalemia - Correct Answer- Answer: B - Hypocalcemia
Rationale: Manifestations of hypocalcemia include increased neuromuscular excitability,
tingling, muscle spasms in feet and facial muscles, intestinal cramping, increased bowel
sounds, osteoporosis and fractures. Severe hypocalcemia can exhibit convulsions,
tetany, a prolonged QT interval and cardiac arrest. Two clinical signs of hypocalcemia
, include Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign. The Chvostek sign is elicited by tapping on
the facial nerve just underneath the temple. A positive sign will result in a twitch of the
nose or lip (Huether, 2019).
An increase in size of cells that consequently increased the size of the affected organ is
a. Hypertrophy
b. Dysplasia
c. Metaplasia
d. Hyperplasia - Correct Answer- Answer: a - hypertrophy
Rationale: "Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells that consequently increases
the size of the affected organ" (McCance, Grey, & Rodway, 2019, p. 48). The heart and
kidneys are especially responsive to enlarging.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Klinefelter's Syndrome?
a. A female appearance
b. Small testes
c. Sparse body hair
d. Elevated stature - Correct Answer- Answer: a - A female Appearance
Rationale: Individuals with Klinefelter's syndrome have at least 2 X chromosomes and a
Y chromosome. Due to the appearance of the Y chromosome, these individuals have a
male appearance. Other characteristics of Klinefelter's syndrome include female - like
breasts in about half, small testes, sparse body hair, high pitched voice, elevated
stature and a moderate degree of mental impairment (Jorde, 2019).
Owens is a 45 year old female. Her medical history includes: total thyroidectomy,
malnutrition, and vitamin D deficiency. During your assessment, you notice she has a
positive Chvostek's sign. Your treatment plan would include which intervention?
A. Administration of IV Magnesium Sulfate.
B. Dialysis initiation.
C. Oral calcium replacement.
D. Administration of oral phosphate. - Correct Answer- Answer: C. Given the patient's
history and positive Chvostek's sign, she is experiencing hypocalcemia. Since she is not
experiencing any severe symptoms, oral calcium would be the best option. (Brashers &
Huether, 2019, p. 120).
True or false: The Golgi Complex is responsible for cellular respiration and energy
function. - Correct Answer- Answer: False. The Mitochondria is responsible for cellular
respiration and energy function. (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 10).
Which of the following is nonmodifiable factor that contributes to the cause of cancer?
A.Genetics
B.Smoking
With 100% Correct Answers 2023
Passive transport requires energy to move an uncharged molecule across a
semipermeable membrane.
True
False - Correct Answer- The answer is False
"In passive transport, water and small, electrically uncharged molecules move easily
through pores in the plasma membrane's lipid bilayer. Molecules will easily flow downhill
from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, this movement is
called passive because it doesn't require expenditure of energy. It is driven by osmosis,
hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion, all of which depend on the laws of physics and do
not require life" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 28).
_________ is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the
injury has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for _________ is the
production of growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell
components and ultimately, to divide.
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy - Correct Answer- The answer is A
"Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the
injury has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for hyperplasia is the
production of growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell
components and ultimately, to divide. Another mechanism is increased output of new
cells from tissue stem cells" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 48).
Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and
bone) usually end in what suffix?
A. Phoma
B. Kemia
C. Carcinoma
D. Sarcoma - Correct Answer- The answer is D
"Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and
bone) usually have the suffix sarcoma" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 347).
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Hypocalcemia?
,A. Negative Trousseau's sign
B. Tapping on the facial nerve below the temple and the nose/lip twitching
C. Coma
D. Serum Calcium level of 9.4 mg/dl - Correct Answer- THE ANSWER IS B. Tapping on
the facial nerve below the temple and the nose/lip twitching is also known as a positive
Cvostek sign. The symptoms of hypocalcemia are related to neuromuscular irritability. A
positive Trousseau's sign would be a manifestation of hypocalcemia, not a negative
one. Serum Calcium level would need to be below 8.5 mg/dl to indicate hypocalcemia.
(McCance et al. 2014, p. 120).
Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic acidosis?
A. Renal Failure
B. Diarrhea
C. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
D. Vomiting - Correct Answer- THE ANSWER IS D. Vomiting would cause Metabolic
Alkalosis not Metabolic Acidosis. Metabolic Acidosis happens when the concentration of
non-carbonic acids increases or bicarb is lost from ECF and cannot be regenerated by
the kidney. (McCance et al. 2014, p. 126-127).
_____ refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells.
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia - Correct Answer- THE ANSWER IS D. "Dysplasia refers to abnormal
changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells" (McCance et al. 2014, p.
53-54).
TRUE or False. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in
the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's
organelles. - Correct Answer- Answer: TRUE
Rationale: "The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in the
synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's
organelles. It consists of a network of tubular or saclike channels that extend throughout
,the cytoplasm and are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane" (McCance, K. L.,
Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Which of the following statements are proven to be true about prostate cancer? Select
all that apply:
A. Having an affected first-degree relative increases your chance of developing prostate
cancer
B. Non-genetic risk factors include high-carbohydrate diet
C. Prostate cancer usually progresses rapidly
D. Prostate cancer can be detected by digital examination and by examining PSA levels
E. The mean age of onset for developing prostate cancer is 72 years of age - Correct
Answer- Answers: A, D, E
Rationale: Review section over prostate cancer in text. Non-genetic risk factors include
high-fat diet. Prostate cancer usually progresses very slowly. (McCance, K. L., Huether,
S.E., Brashers, V. L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Which of the following statements are true about type II diabetes? Select all that apply:
A. Type II diabetes is insulin resistant
B. Type II diabetes in autoimmune
C. Age of onset is usually >40 years
D. Obesity is common with type II diabetes
E. The body does not produce insulin with type II diabetes - Correct Answer- Answers:
A, C, D
Rationale: Refer to table 5.7 "Comparison of Major Features of Type 1 and Type 2
Diabetes" (McCance, K. L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Your patient presents complaining of tingling, muscle spasms in her feet and intestinal
cramping. Upon examination, you elicit a positive Chvostek sign. These are indicative of
a. Hypercalcemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypokalemia - Correct Answer- Answer: B - Hypocalcemia
Rationale: Manifestations of hypocalcemia include increased neuromuscular excitability,
tingling, muscle spasms in feet and facial muscles, intestinal cramping, increased bowel
sounds, osteoporosis and fractures. Severe hypocalcemia can exhibit convulsions,
tetany, a prolonged QT interval and cardiac arrest. Two clinical signs of hypocalcemia
, include Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign. The Chvostek sign is elicited by tapping on
the facial nerve just underneath the temple. A positive sign will result in a twitch of the
nose or lip (Huether, 2019).
An increase in size of cells that consequently increased the size of the affected organ is
a. Hypertrophy
b. Dysplasia
c. Metaplasia
d. Hyperplasia - Correct Answer- Answer: a - hypertrophy
Rationale: "Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells that consequently increases
the size of the affected organ" (McCance, Grey, & Rodway, 2019, p. 48). The heart and
kidneys are especially responsive to enlarging.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Klinefelter's Syndrome?
a. A female appearance
b. Small testes
c. Sparse body hair
d. Elevated stature - Correct Answer- Answer: a - A female Appearance
Rationale: Individuals with Klinefelter's syndrome have at least 2 X chromosomes and a
Y chromosome. Due to the appearance of the Y chromosome, these individuals have a
male appearance. Other characteristics of Klinefelter's syndrome include female - like
breasts in about half, small testes, sparse body hair, high pitched voice, elevated
stature and a moderate degree of mental impairment (Jorde, 2019).
Owens is a 45 year old female. Her medical history includes: total thyroidectomy,
malnutrition, and vitamin D deficiency. During your assessment, you notice she has a
positive Chvostek's sign. Your treatment plan would include which intervention?
A. Administration of IV Magnesium Sulfate.
B. Dialysis initiation.
C. Oral calcium replacement.
D. Administration of oral phosphate. - Correct Answer- Answer: C. Given the patient's
history and positive Chvostek's sign, she is experiencing hypocalcemia. Since she is not
experiencing any severe symptoms, oral calcium would be the best option. (Brashers &
Huether, 2019, p. 120).
True or false: The Golgi Complex is responsible for cellular respiration and energy
function. - Correct Answer- Answer: False. The Mitochondria is responsible for cellular
respiration and energy function. (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 10).
Which of the following is nonmodifiable factor that contributes to the cause of cancer?
A.Genetics
B.Smoking
