Pearson Edexcel Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2022 Pearson Edexcel GCSE Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2022 Pearson Edexcel GCSE In Geography Spec B (1GB0) Paper 02 Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Pearson Edexcel Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2022 Pearson Edexcel GCSE Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2022 Pearson Edexcel GCSE In Geography Spec B (1GB0) Paper 02 Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at or . Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at: Summer 2022 Publications Code 1GB0_02_2206_MS All the material in this publication is copyright © Pearson Education Ltd 2022 General Marking Guidance  All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.  Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.  Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.  There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.  All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.  Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.  When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.  Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response. Question Answer Marks 1(a) B – North-West Scotland All other answers clearly mistaken – AO1 (1) Question Answers Marks 1(b) Award one mark for explaining an appropriate human impact (4) with further marks for detail of the process; (1 + 1) In some areas (many) settlements have been built changing the +(1+1) original land-use (1) from forest to urban/farmland environments and/or whereas in other areas there have been fewer changes (1) Farming has cleared the original forest cover creating a ‘new’ rural landscape (1) where crops are grown to be sold (1) although some areas remain ‘wild’ (1) We have managed coastlines and rivers in order to stop flooding and protect people (1) so these areas are not as natural (1) whilst in other areas less management has taken place (1) Do not reward simple descriptive statements with no explanation e.g. ‘houses have been built’ as opposed to ‘houses have been built changing the original landscape (1) reducing the amount of forest/farmland (1) Accept any other appropriate response Question Answer Marks 2 (a) (i) C – from the north-west All other answers clearly and demonstrably wrong (1) Question Answer Marks 2 (a) (ii) It increases it because more water = more energy (1) leads to (2) more erosion and/or hydraulic action and/or more abrasion (1) 1+1 Accept any other appropriate response Question Answer Marks 2(a) (iii) Expect a diagram of the process of longshore drift and how it (4) creates a spit – this does not need to show explicitly the formation of a spit. 1+(1+1 +1) Waves arrive at an angle (1) driving sediment up the beach through swash (1) this then returns perpendicular to the beach angle – backwash (1) leading to a net movement of sediment down the beach to form a spit (1) which is a depositional landform (1) Accept any other appropriate response Question Answers Marks 3 (a) Because they use water to grow and therefore less water reached the river reducing peak discharge (1) Because tree roots act as conduits for water so less water will run over the surface reducing peak discharge (1) Because trees act as a canopy intercepting rain thus slowing down its delivery to the ground reducing peak discharge (1) Accept any other appropriate response 1 Question Answers Marks 3 (b) Because it works reasonably well and/or more efficient than 2 alternatives (1) due to its physical strength and/or good design and/or resilience (1) so protects people and property that would (1+1) otherwise be damaged (1) causing significant income costs and/or threatening lives (1) Accept any other appropriate response Question Answer Marks 3(c) Do not credit the naming of a river. (4) Sediment load (1+1) + Generally increases downstream as more erosion takes place (1+1) adding to load delivered from upstream (1) plus contribution of tributaries (1) also gets finer as consequence of attrition so mostly suspended load (1) Allow – as rivers enter the sea velocity may decrease (1) and deposit sediment load (1) Velocity Generally, it increases downstream despite decrease in gradient as channel becomes more efficient (1) detail of same e.g. more semi-circular (1) so less frictional drag on water thus faster (1) Allow – as water enters the sea velocity may decrease (1) Accept any other appropriate response Question Indicative content 4 AO3 (4 marks) / AO4 (4 marks) AO3 (4 marks)  Forestry is not especially profitable so, given the choice landowners will opt for different land-uses where they can  High ground is often too wet and too cold for productive forests  Much of Scotland’s higher areas devoted to grouse moors/deer stalking thus deforested  It is also inaccessible therefore expensive to extract timber and timber products from remote mountainous regions with poor infrastructure  National variations explained by the above factors – Wales and Scotland are much more mountainous than England  Same plays out on a local scale as with the distribution in and around Fort William  Slight increase probably reflects expense of importing timber  This might also stimulate further investment in forestry AO4 (4 marks)  At a local scale on the map there is a close relationship between topography and forest cover  There is no forest on the highest ground, e.g the 1000 m peaks in the south-east corner  Some might note the Killiechonate ‘Forest’ (but old meaning of forest)  It tends to occupy the steeper valley side slopes – the sharp boundaries suggest that much of it is plantation forestry  Variation in the UK is considerable – this part of Scotland looks to be a little more than 18%  Lowest figure in England is significant Level Mark Descriptor 0 No rewardable material. Level 1 1–3  Attempts to apply understanding to deconstruct information but understanding and connections are flawed. An unbalanced or incomplete argument that provides limited synthesis of understanding. Judgements that are supported by limited evidence. (AO3)  Uses some geographical skills to obtain information with limited relevance and accuracy, which supports few aspects of the argument. (AO4) Level 2 4-6  Applies understanding to deconstruct information and provide some logical connections between concepts. An imbalanced argument that synthesises mostly relevant understanding, but not entirely coherently, leading to judgements that are supported by evidence occasionally. (AO3)  Uses geographical skills to obtain accurate information that supports some aspects of the argument. (AO4) Level 3 7-8  Applies understanding to deconstruct information and provide logical connections between concepts throughout. A balanced, well-developed argument that synthesises relevant understanding coherently leading to judgements that are supported by evidence throughout. (AO3)  Uses geographical skills to obtain accurate information that supports all aspects of the argument. (AO4) Question number Answer Marks 5 (a) (i) D –London All other answers demonstrably mistaken – see Figure 5 (1) Question number Answer Marks 5(a) (ii) The middle value of the nine regions so; -21.5 - accept 21.5 Do not accept ‘south west’ (1) Question number Answer Marks 5 (b) Award one mark for basic reason and a second through an extension which might be an application of that idea. (4) Do not credit the motives (push/pull factors) for migration (1+1) + unless they are used to explain variation in numbers of migrants (1+1) in different locations e.g. growth of London. Population will have increased but unevenly (1) because some places will have had more job opportunities than others e.g London (1) The age structure of the population will have changed becoming younger (1) because migrants seeking work and/or students are mostly in younger age cohorts (1) The ethnic structure of the population will have changed becoming more diverse (1) especially in large c