RBT questions with answers Exam Study Guide (1)

  Which of the following is not considered PHI (Protected Health Information)? A. The individual’s past medical history B. The mental health services a person receives C. The medications an individual is taking D. An individual’s employment records What is one way you can prevent the unauthorized disclosure of PHI? A. Lowering your voice when discussing PHI B. Discussing PHI in public areas C. Discussing PHI with your family D. Snooping in medical records How can you protect PHI? A. Leave PHI lying around B. Text PHI to co-workers C. Lock medical record rooms D. Allow anyone to view PHI Which of the following best explains why discrete trials are effective with those who have learning difficulties? A. Information is broken down into small parts that are taught systematically and reinforced B. Information is chunked into large pieces that are taught systematically and reinforced C. Information is broken down into small parts and are taught in random order D. Information is chunked into large pieces and are taught in random order Which of the following is an example of self-monitoring an interaction with a family member? A. Looking at your own body language B. Asking yourself if you are emotional about the discussion C. Looking at the clock D. Listening to the words the other person says Which of the following is an example of receptive language/listener responding? A. Asking for a cookie B. Touching or looking at a picture or object when it is named C. Labeling a car when it is seen D. Answering the questions – what is your name and how old are you? In discrete trial instruction, a short instruction delivered to a learner is called: A. A discriminative stimulus (SD) B. A consequence C. A reinforcer D. Feedback If shown an array of photos and asked, “Give me the one that you jump on,” this is an example of… A. Class B. Feature C. Function D. All of the above Why is it important to establish a healthy professional relationship with a client’s family? A. Because you may need their assistance B. Because some loved ones cannot speak C. Because you need to be able to communicate important information back and forth D. It is not important, because you focus only on the client at all times Which part of a discrete trial makes it more likely the learner will respond again? A. The discriminative stimulus B. The reinforcer C. The punisher D. The intertrial interval Which of the following best describes autism spectrum disorders? A. A range of developmental disorders that affect a person’s ability to understand appropriate social etiquette B. Persistent deficits in social communication, social interaction, and engagement in repetitive or stereotypical movements that impair a person’s everyday functioning C. 3 specific disorders that cause limitations in social communication, social interaction, and repetitive patterns of behavioral D. A sliding scale of severity of intellectual disability based on an individual’s ability to engage in appropriate social communication and spatial understanding Why is it important to model optimism when working with a client with disabilities? A. To give families a false sense of hope B. To allow families to see what their loved one can do C. It is never appropriate to be optimistic about someone with a disability D. To show sympathy to families When teaching receptive identification, it is useful to begin with identification of: A. Vehicles B. Neutral stimuli C. Animals D. Preferred stimuli An airplane flies overhead and a girl says, “airplane.” This is an example of which verbal operant? A. Tact B. Echoic C. Imitation (mimetic) D. Mand Which of the following is a characteristic of ASD? A. Higher-than-normal intelligence B. Advanced verbal vocabulary and language skills C. Persistent deficits in social interaction when in large groups D. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech Which of the following risk factors is NOT identified to be associated with the presence of ASD? A. Prematurity B. Young parental age* C. Presence of certain chromosomal or genetic conditions D. Presence of ASD in a sibling *Older parental age is associated with the presence of ASD What precedes behavior? A. Antecedents B. Reinforcement C. Punishment D. Consequences A man approaches a pizza counter and says, “May I have a slice of cheese pizza?” This is an example of which verbal operant? A. Mand B. Listener response C. Tact D. Intraverbal A woman saying, “Cynthia” after being asked, “What is your name?” is an example of which verbal operant? A. Echoic B. Listener response C. Intraverbal D. Mand Identify two consequences: A. Positive and neutral extinction B. Behaviors and responses C. Reinforcement and punishment D. Motivating and abolishing operations Discrimination training* requires… A. One response and one antecedent condition B. Two responses and one antecedent condition C. One response and two antecedent conditions D. Two responses and two antecedent conditions *Discrimination training is when a professional is teaching a client about how to tell the difference between two or more stimuli The definition of behavior is: A. Anytime someone exhibits an action that is problematic B. Any response to an instruction C. Any observable movement of a living thing D. The way a person acts Which type of chaining results in the learner being reinforced after they perform the final step in the chain? A. Backwards chaining* B. Forwards chaining C. Total task presentation *In backwards chaining each step is prompted for the learner except the last one and then they contact reinforcement. On the next trial the learner performs the last two, then the last three, and so on... Task analysis is the first step in… A. Prompting B. Chaining C. Stimulus fading D. Shaping Non-accidental, inappropriate contact or the use of force with an individual that causes injury or physical pain is considered which type of abuse? A. Mental/emotional abuse B. Sexual abuse C. Physical abuse D. Neglect Which of the following are considered to be physical signs of abuse? A. Not complying with aspects of their person-centered plan B. Appearing fearful, suspicious, or submissive C. Spending too much money D. Fingerprints or handprints on the neck, face, arms, or wrists Which of the following could be a Motivating Operation? A. Tommy hasn’t eaten today and is very hungry. B. Tommy hit his sister. C. Before Suzy called her teacher a name, she felt ignored. D. After Tommy hit his sister, he was sent to time out. Multiple exemplar training refers to . A. Using many different stimuli to teach a skill to promote generalization. B. Using multiple SD’s in tact training. C. Using different items when teaching a child to mand. D. Adding a new stimuli every day that the skill is worked on until you reach 5. Why do most professionals in the field of ABA recommend to start teaching language by teaching an individual to mand? A. Because mands are automatically reinforcing B. Because mands benefit the speaker; the say it, they get it C. Because mands are the easiest operant to teach D. Because all children learn to mand first Which of the following is a risk factor for abuse and neglect that is common for people with IDD (Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities)? A. People with IDD have more education on appropriate and inappropriate physical and sexual behavior. B. Increased dependency on others for long-term care. C. Having a safety plan for integration into the community. D. Perpetrators don’t see people with disabilities as desirable or vulnerable. What are the 4 functions of behavior? A. Access to tangibles, to gain attention, escape, automatic. B. Access to time, access to items, access to activities, access to individuals. C. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, neutral reinforcement, automatic reinforcement. D. Primary reinforcers, conditioned reinforcers, primary punishment, conditioned punishment. In which of the following situations would it not be appropriate to disclose PHI? A. When reporting a communicable disease. B. When required to do so by law. C. When gossiping with a co-worker. D. When the person is a victim of abuse. Generalization can refer to the transfer of behaviors to . A. Persons, settings, and other behaviors B. Other persons and settings C. Other behaviors only D. Other settings only When you alter the environment to create motivation for something, you are… A. Disrupting others in the class B. Contriving and capturing motivating operations C. Using the principles of DISC D. Setting up for your session When certain parts of the environment impact our response, this is said to have over our responses. A. Stimulus control B. Generalization C. Transference D. Control The HIPAA Privacy Rule is the only regulation pertaining to the protection of health information. A. True B. False Teaching your student to mand can decrease problem behaviors because… A. They become nicer when they start manding. B. They can now use functional communication to get their needs met instead of problem behaviors. C. Mands are aversive and decrease behavior over time. D. They have no time to engage in problem behaviors anymore. Behavioral definitions much be both… A. Broad and articulate B. Positive and comprehensive C. Impartial and multidimensional D. Observable and measurable The minimum necessary rule refers to: A. Accessing only the PHI needed to do your job B. Small breaches of the Privacy Rule are okay C. The amount of HIPAA training you need D. The documentation of care and services Which of the following is a more current expansion of discrete trial instruction: A. Use of punishment following an incorrect response B. The use of animals in discrete trial intervention C. Errorless learning techniques D. The use of reinforcement as a consequence in a discrete trial Which of the following is a good receptive skills program for early learners? A. LRFFC B. Multi Step Receptive Instructions C. Receptive Identification of Body Parts D. Conditional Directions When interacting with and communication with families, it is important to: A. Offer your opinions as frequently as possible B. Make sure you write down everything C. Focus on what the person is saying D. Judge what the person is saying Discrete trials should be delivered rather quickly in order to: A. Keep the momentum going B. Trick the learner into doing what is asked C. Make sure the learner is not reinforced too often D. Get through the program and end the session early Listener responding involves responding to the verbal behavior of another. A. Verbally B. With sign language C. Non-verbally D. With iconic (picture) exchange Which of the following statements made by an RBT to a parent shows practicing “non-judgement?” A. “You must keep him on this visual schedule and use it consistently.” B. “The visual schedule keeps him from getting upset. Where did you put it?” C. “Sometimes it is hard to be consistent with the visual schedule. How do you think we could make this a bit simpler to use?” D. “None of our parents use these schedules. I don’t know why we waste the time making them.” In discrete trial instruction, least to most prompting sequences are most commonly used when: A. The learner is just beginning to learn the skill B. The learner can respond correctly to the SD around 85% of the time C. The learner can respond correctly to the SD around 90% of the time D. The learner does not respond well to more intrusive prompts Which of the following is NOT one of the 10 tips by Dr. Joaquin Fuentes for supporting a person with ASD? A. People with ASD are people first. B. People with ASD deserve services. C. People with ASD belong with other people with ASD. D. People with ASD have human rights. In receptive identification, it is recommended that the array of items should: A. Increase in size and become messier B. Increase in size and be very organized C. Stay between 4-6 items in a square or rectangular pattern D. Stay between 3-5 items in a linear pattern Which of the following is a red flag for a boundary crossing? A. Accepting the use of a client’s family’s beach house for the weekend. B. Talking about the weather for a few minutes with a client’s grandparent. C. Spending a couple of minutes after a session asking about how to prepare the client for an upcoming vacation. D. Bringing in the family’s newspaper that was on the front lawn when you arrive at home. Billy saying, “My name is Ricky” after Ricky sad, “My name is Ricky” is an example of which verbal operant? A. Listener response B. Echoic C. Intraverbal D. Mand What are social narratives? A. Interventions that describe different social situations and provide descriptions of appropriate behavioral expectations. B. Group instruction meant to teach individuals with ASD ways to appropriately interact with others in different settings. C. The process of systematically applying interventions based on the principles of behavior theory to improve socially significant behaviors. D. One-to-one instructional approaches used to teach skills in a planned, controlled, and systematic manner. Another term for listener responding is… A. Expressive language B. Mimetic language C. Imitative language D. Receptive language What follows behavior? A. Consequences B. Responses C. Antecedent D. Setting events Which of the following is a social intervention for ASD? A. Functional behavioral assessment B. Discrete trial training C. Applied behavioral analysis D. Peer-Mediated Instruction and Intervention* *Social learning opportunities are provided to improve social reciprocity in more natural social contexts. What are 3 reasons to ask questions? A. To start a conversation, to obtain information, and to show interest in another’s ideas B. To start a conversation, to obtain information, and to show how much you know C. To start a conversation, to obtain information, and to show how much you care D. To start a conversation, to evaluate the facts, and to show interest in another’s ideas Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior emphasizes in addition to the form of language. A. Order B. Topography C. Function D. Classification What is the FIRST milestone likely to occur in typically developing children? A. Social referencing B. Smiling C. Joint attention D. Attention functions as a reinforcer Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of the RBT in communication with families? A. RBTs are free to discuss any aspect of the intervention, the child’s prognosis, and the providing agency’s position. B. Agencies may have specific guidelines for communicating with families that align with the BACB’s Professional and Ethical Compliance Code. C. As long as the RBT does not violate the BACB’s Professional and Ethical Compliance Code, they may communicate anything. D. According to the BACB’s Professional and Ethical Compliance Code, RBT’s are not allowed to communicate much to families at all. Reinforcement is any event that behavior and behavior. A. Supports; increases B. Follows; increases C. Precedes; increases D. Follows, decreases The purpose of using time delay when prompting is… A. To fade prompts and transfer the response to the SD. B. To increase the latency of the response. C. To decrease the time between the SD and the response. D. To keep the child waiting for a prompt. If you have an individual who engages in escape behaviors, you should: A. Alternate antecedent interventions daily to see which ones are the most effective. B. Provide all antecedent interventions that can prevent escape. C. Tailor antecedent interventions to the person you support based on data from the FBA. D. Choose 3 antecedent interventions for escape maintained behaviors. Which of the following components of behavioral skill training (BST) was determined to have the most impact on the way in which intervention is delivered? A. Providing instructions B. Modeling C. Role play D. Feedback The field of Applied Behavioral Analysis focuses on behavior. A. Naughty B. Reflexive C. Observable D. Respondent The first step in Joint Attention is . A. Teaching the student to respond to bids for attention of another. B. Teaching the student to initiate bids. C. Teaching the student to respond vocally to the bids of another, for example “cool” and “wow.” D. Teaching the student to call the names of their peers. What does a crisis plan describe? A. Which emergency responders to call during a crisis. B. How to prevent and respond to the crisis behaviors. C. Relaxation techniques for crises, such as deep breathing. D. Emergency preparedness details for your employment. Johnny is reinforce first for saying ba, then baba, then bottle. This is an example of what procedure? A. Total task presentation B. Forward chaining C. Shaping D. Phonemic prompting What does the term “least intrusive” mean as it relates to the behavior change plans? A. Ineffective behavior change plans B. Uncomplicated behavior change plans C. Behavior change plans that requires a great deal of preparation D. Behavior change plans that place the least amount of risk or discomfort What can be used to determine existing nonsocial and social reinforcers? A. The VB-MAPP B. A peers list of reinforcers C. A preference assessment D. There is no way to determine existing reinforcers What is the best prompt to use when first teaching imitation? A. Model prompts B. Physical prompts C. Gesture prompts D. Verbal prompts Differential Reinforcement* is a procedure combining what two procedures? A. Punishment and reinforcement B. Reinforcement and extinction C. Punishment and extinction D. Functional Communication training and punishment *Differential reinforcement combines extinction for behaviors to be reduced and reinforcement for behaviors that it would be appropriate for increase. Why is it so important to always consider human rights and potential for risk of harm when establishing behavior change programs? A. Because people who need these programs are often vulnerable and can become victims of mistreatment B. Guardians and parents make it necessary C. There are always human rights organizations policing and protecting vulnerable people D. They cannot always communicate their needs You provide support for Roberto, a man with a mild intellectual disability. While talking to him one day, he casually mentions that sometimes his sister (his fiduciary guardian) uses his SSI check to pay her rent. What is the most appropriate course of action to take? A. Call 911. B. Contact your agency’s designated investigator. C. File an incident report. D. Call Roberto’s sister to ask if the allegations are true. If an intrusive intervention such as punishment or physical intervention must be used, it is important to: A. Make sure staff have clean background checks. B. Make sure that only the bigger staff members implement them. C. Make sure the client and data are monitored for unintended side effects and the rate of progress. D. Make sure the intervention is used on only the days that the behavior is really bad. Mohinder has Down’s syndrome and lives in a group home. Tom, who works at the group home, asks Mohinder to loan him money for lunch, which he then pays back after his next paycheck. Is this abuse, and if so, why? A. Yes, it is considered financial abuse because Tom is making personal use of Mohinder’s resources. B. Yes, it is considered physical abuse because Tom is taking something from Mohinder. C. No, it is alright because Tom is paying Mohinder back later. D. No, it is alright because Mohinder is an adult and can decide what he does with his money. Kyle walked into his classroom. The teacher told him to get his math book. Kyle fell to the floor. The teacher went to tell the principal about Kyle's behavior instead of doing the math lesson. What was the ANTECEDENT to falling on the floor? A. The gluten in his breakfast B. Being told to get his math book C. The teacher trying to pick him up D. Being directed to sit down Which of the following is NOT a Naturalistic Teaching Strategy? A. Discrete Trial Instruction B. Natural Language Paradigm C. Incidental Teaching D. Milieu A mand is controlled by… A. Motivation B. Discriminative stimuli C. Prompts D. Reinforcers All of the following are ways DSPs can help reduce risk factors for abuse and neglect EXCEPT what? A. Help the person you support gain assertiveness skills. B. Learn to recognize the signs of abuse. C. Limit the person’s social circle to reduce exposure to perpetrators. D. Model appropriate social behavior. Kyle walked into his classroom. The teacher told him to get his math book. Kyle fell to the floor. The teacher went to tell the principal about Kyle's behavior instead of doing the math lesson. What could be the REINFORCER? A. Escape from math B. The soft carpet C. Deep pressure D. Recess Free Operant preference assessments involve… A. Asking parents/caregivers what the child’s preferred reinforcers are. B. Providing a field of 3 toys and seeing which one your learner chooses. C. Allowing a few minutes with each reinforcer, then removing and providing another one. D. Watching what your learner chooses to do when they can play with anything available. When deciding what mands to teach, you should… A. Always teach them to say “please” after each mand B. Do a preference assessment to determine what motivates your learner C. Choose what mands YOU want them to learn first D. Not choose food items since its distracting to other children around them To help establish Functional Relationships, you should do which things? A. Teach self-help and occupational skills before language and academic skills. B. Always choose the reinforcer for your learner and follow a schedule. C. Teach intraverbals and tacts before mands. D. Perform preference assessments and allow the child to choose the task/activity. You can track your learners progress in mands by… A. Asking the parent how many times they mand at home. B. Making an educate guess on how often your learner is manding per hour because it is not realistic to take frequency data. C. Taking frequency data and graphing the results to be analyzed over time. D. Tracking frequency of problematic behaviors. What information can be generated from an FBA A. What can I do to make the behaviors stop B. What is an appropriate educational placement C. What variables are likely to be involved in maintaining the behavior D. Whether to use Naturalistic Teaching or Intensive Teaching Which of the following is true about behavioral skills training (BST)? A. It relies on families teaching themselves how to intervene. B. It is considered to be a component of many evidence-based training packages. C. It relies on whether or not the child is ready for the family to intervene. D. It is considered to be effective only in situations where families are highly educated. Initiating joint attention is when: A. An individual initiates a bid for attention B. A person responds to a bid for attention C. No response is given to a bid for attention D. No opportunity for joint attention is available What are some practices that ABA professionals need to adopt to build strong professional relationships with families? A. Practice nonjudgement, offer counseling, and prioritize intervention efforts B. Model optimism, practice nonjudgement, and give many suggestions C. Prioritize intervention efforts, practice nonjudgement, and provide predictions about the future of their loved one D. Model optimism, practice nonjudgement, and prioritize intervention efforts Cici loves to play with blocks but has little interest in being sung to. Her teacher decides to sing to her whenever Cici is playing with blocks so that the songs may also acquire reinforcing properties. This refers to what procedure? A. Differential reinforcement B. Stimulus-stimulus pairing C. Incidental teaching D. Extinction Antecedent Interventions are strategies that focus on structuring and modifying the environment and conditions so that: A. The crisis behavior is less likely to occur while the environment is modified. B. The challenging behaviors are easily observable by supervisors. C. Teaching the environment is designed with age appropriate teaching materials. D. The staff members are comfortable to move about with individuals who have mobility issues. Why is goal setting with families important? A. So they can feel like they are being heard by ABA staff B. So they can justify what the intervention does C. So they can be in charge of the success of the intervention D. So they can make sure third-party payers know they are involved We can assume social motivation is present when . A. A child requires 3 or less prompts to initiate. B. A child waits for their peers to initiate. C. A child does not initiate or respond to bids. D. A child spontaneously initiates. Responding joint attention is when: A. An individual initiates a bid for attention B. A person responds to a bid for attention C. No response is given to a bid for attention D. No opportunity for joint attention is available Which of the following is an example of overzealous intrusive intervention? A. An RBT running over to a client who is slapping himself and screaming for help while they are trying to hold the person’s hands B. An RBT waiting for a client to stop screaming before they give a prompt to complete a task C. An RBT showing a visual schedule to a client to let her know what will happen next D. An RBT giving a sticker to a young client who just finished a block imitation task Which of the following is the best behavioral definition? A. Making poor choices B. Is angry C. Acting out D. Bites self* *Can be observed and measured Which of the following imitation skills is the most difficult for a person with autism? A. Gross motor actions B. Imitating facial expressions C. Fine motor actions D. Actions with objects What functions as a natural consequence of most social behaviors? A. Peer attention B. Teacher’s praise C. Edibles D. Primary reinforcers Crisis plans should have interventions based on which of the following? A. Form of the behavior B. Description of the behavior C. Topography of the behavior D. Function of the behavior Which of the following is an example of a harmful reinforcer? A. 10 minutes of video game time after completing homework B. An entire box of cookies after using the toilet independently C. Going swimming with Dad after you clean up your room D. Getting a hug from your favorite teacher after you help a classmate pick up books spilled out of her desk You need to help Maria, a 15 year old girl learning to put on deodorant independently. Which environment would you choose to teach this skill in order to preserve her dignity? A. A room with other same gender clients B. In a public restroom C. In a private bathroom where you can prompt her through each step appropriately D. Anywhere you can get to her to teach it In order to be effective, a quality of life approach to services must be used in the context of: A. A good educational and training program B. A small-to-medium sized community C. A good public health delivery system D. A system of individualized supports Which of the following is not a core quality-of-life domain*? A. Personal Development B. Emotional Well-Being C. Personal Possessions D. Rights *The eight core domains are: 1. Personal Development 2. Self-Determination 3. Interpersonal Relations 4. Social Inclusion 5. Rights 6. Emotional Well-Being 7. Physical Well-Being 8. Material Well-Being Which of the following can be said about the uniqueness of people with autism? A. People with autism all have complex developmental needs B. People with autism are more alike than different in terms of skills C. While they may share some characteristics, people with autism are different from each other D. The characteristics of those with autism make them more similar than not Which core domain are you exploring when you ask the question: Does this person have opportunities to get to know people in their neighborhood and be a member of local organizations? A. Rights B. Social inclusion C. Self-determination D. Interpersonal relationships Which two global factors set the stage for problem behavior in those with autism? A. Lack of social skills and the expectations of the social world B. Strange behavior and too much prompting C. Restricted interests and a desire to be alone D. Prompt dependency and repetitive behavior In treating self-injury, which of the following is the number one priority? A. Enhancing communication skills B. Keeping the person safe from harm C. Teaching social skills D. Reducing prompt dependency Non-accidental, inappropriate contact or the use of force with an individual that causes injury or physical pain is considered which type of abuse? A. Mental/emotional abuse B. Sexual abuse C. Physical abuse D. Neglect The term “receptive language” is similar in meaning to the term: A. Expressive language B. Learner responding C. Listener responding* D. Expressive responding *Listener Responding is a form of verbal behavior that requires the listener to respond to another's verbal behavior (e.g. Where are your shoes?, Get a pencil). This is also referred to as Receptive Language. True or False: Turn-taking games do not encourage joint attention. A. True B. False Which of the following is an example of an advanced level of following directions? A. Get the large red and blue cup B. Put the ball in the car C. Roll car D. Clap hands Extinction works by: A. Eliminating the source of problem behavior B. Eliminating the source of desirable behavior C. Abruptly stopping punishers for the problem behavior D. Abruptly stopping reinforcement for problem behavior Which of the following best explains why discrete trials are effective with those who have learning difficulties? A. Information is broken down into small parts that are taught systematically and reinforced B. Information is chunked into large pieces that are taught systematically and reinforced C. Information is broken down into small parts and are taught in random order D. Information is chunked into large pieces and are taught in random order Intermediate learners should respond to: A. Simple verbs with models B. 50 simple noun/verb combinations C. Directions using adjectives and adverbs D. Written multi-step directions Which is another term for echoics? A. Global imitation B. Facial imitation C. Partial imitation D. Vocal imitation In which situations are differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) used? A. Behaviors that are acceptable at high rates B. Behaviors that are acceptable at low rates C. Behaviors that are acceptable in most circumstances D. Behaviors that are not acceptable under any circumstances In discreate trial instruction, a short instruction delivered to a learner is called: A. A discriminative stimulus (SD) B. A consequence C. A reinforcer D. Feedback Joint attention is: A. Independently focusing on 2 related objects or events B. The shared focus of at least 2 individuals on an object or activity C. Two or more individuals independently engaged in an activity D. Two or more individuals who have the ability to attend to a stimulus Which of the following statements is true about the new RBT updates? A. Ethical guidelines have changes dramatically and many new standards were improved B. Supervision of services has increased to 10 hours per week C. The changes are based on recommendations from a panel of experts D. The RBT Task List now has 12 more additions including more assessment indicators Extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement works by: A. Adding a reinforcer for the problem behavior B. Taking away the reinforcer for problem behavior C. Not allowing the individual to escape the problem behavior D. Allowing the individual to escape the problem behavior Which part of a discrete trial makes it more likely the learner will respond again? A. The discriminative stimulus B. The reinforcer C. The punisher D. The intertrial interval Which of the following parts of a written skill acquisition plan specifies the long term outcome for learner performance? A. Teaching procedures B. Prompt/Prompt fading procedures C. Criteria for mastery D. Goal Which of the following could be considered a “multiple relationship” according to the RBT Ethics Code? A. A supervisor and RBT who have worked many years B. An RBT and parent of a client who have a romantic relationship C. An RBT who goes to the same church as a client’s family D. An RBT who lives in a small town and sees clients in grocery stores Fluency of skills is: A. Demonstrated by accurate responses given at a slower pace B. When learners display target behaviors in different settings C. Demonstrated across time and in different settings D. Demonstrated by quick responding at high levels of accuracy When an RBT does not know how to perform an intervention or strategy, which of the following is the best course of action? A. Ask for training and supervision on the skill B. Try to figure out how to perform the skill on their own C. Perform an internet search on hot to perform the skill D. Ask another RBT how to perform the skill Teaching targets on the written skill acquisition plan: A. Tell the behavior technician what to present B. Tell the behavior technician how to deliver the SD C. Offer options as what to present to learners D. Provide the long term vision for what the learner will master Which core domain are you exploring when you ask the question: Does this person make their own choices and express their opinions? A. Personal development B. Social inclusion C. Self-determination D. Material well-being Which of the following best explains the primary purpose of the BACB’s Professional and Ethical Compliance Code? A. The purpose of the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code is to offer suggestions as how to treat clients and colleagues. B. The purpose of the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code is to restrict the practice of behavior analysis to certain well-defined circumstances. C. The purpose of the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code is to provide guidelines for certified and credentialed individuals to follow when they are providing behavior analysis services. D. The purpose of the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code is to mandate specific tasks and behaviors for all certified and credentialed individuals. Environmental supports are: A. Supports that change or adapt specific settings B. Opportunities for status, recognition, or increased involvement C. All of a person’s relationships, associations, and networks D. Supports that build competence and skill Why is frequent assessment important when implementing an intervention plan. A. To ensure that staff are working B. To prove to families that is working C. To make adjustments as necessary D. To create more detailed graphs Any reinforcer that has the potential to affect the health of the client adversely if used inappropriately or in excess is called a: A. Harmful reinforcer B. An ineffective reinforcer C. A punisher D. An aversive treatment True or False: Least-restrictive procedures are usually the first choice of intervention. A. True B. False What is the starting question and the most important question in the quality of life approach: A. Does this person feel safe and secure? B. How many core domains are there? C. How can you measure quality of life? D. What is important to this individual? When is it acceptable to videotape a client receiving an intervention? A. If the client says they want to be on camera B. If the client and family provide informed consent, which means they know why the videotaping is occurring C. It is acceptable always because there is a consent to treat document on file D. It is never acceptable to videotape a client Intervention plans should be: A. Data-based, ethical, and closely monitored B. Data-base, acceptable, and closely monitored C. Frequently monitored, ethical, and based on expert opinion D. Data-based, ethical, and loosely monitored Which of the following is a behavior? A. Being in compliance B. Having a good attitude C. Running a race D. Being inappropriate Mohinder has Down’s syndrome and lives in a group home. Tom, who works at the group home, asks Mohinder to loan him money for lunch, which he then pays back after his next paycheck. Is this abuse, and if so, why? A. Yes, it is considered financial abuse because Tom is making personal use of Mohinder’s resources. B. Yes, it is considered physical abuse because Tom is taking something from Mohinder. C. No, it is alright because Tom is paying Mohinder back later. D. No, it is alright because Mohinder is an adult ad can decide what he does with his money. The “behavioral” dimension of ABA refers to: A. Being able to observe and measure behavior B. Interventions being based on a theory C. Effectiveness of interventions D. Being able to produce similar results in different environments Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement? A. Taking away a homework assignment for doing classwork B. Telling a child no when she asks for a cookie C. Telling someone to empty the dishwasher D. Giving someone a compliment for doing good work Stimulus control occurs when: A. An individual behaves one way in the presence of a stimulus and differently in the presence of another B. An individual behaves the same way in the presence of 2 or more stimuli C. An individual has control over the stimuli they choose to respond to D. An individual behaves differently in the presence of the same stimulus resulting in different motivations for the behavior When you document, you will want to consider how the information may be used. What else will you want to consider? A. How much time you are spending on it B. Whether there is anything offensive in the content C. Who will be reading or using it D. When action will be taken on it In listener responding interventions, responding to one’s name being called is considered to be: A. An early learning skill B. A beginning learning skill C. An intermediate learning skill D. An advanced learning skill Which of the following is the best way to determine how to follow the child’s lead during a naturalistic teaching session? A. Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene B. Conduct a reinforcer assessment and provide those reinforcers C. Collect data on the number of behaviors you see the child do D. Start the session and not allow the child to lead Which of the following is an example of a naturally occurring discriminative stimulus at work? A. Seeing a stop sign and ignoring it B. Explaining what a stop sign means C. Seeing a stop sign and stopping D. Drawing a picture of a stop sign What is one thing you can do while you are working to remember details or events you will document later? A. Tell someone else so they can remind you B. Work on memory exercises to build this skill C. Carry a note pad around when working to jot down notes to transcribe later D. Repeat it over three times out loud so you will remember Which of the following is an example of a target for selecting an item using an adverb? A. “Choose the one that goes quickly.” B. “Choose the large one.” C. “Choose the one that makes a noise.” D. “Choose the one that you like the best.” Which of the following items would be the best choice for using during a naturalistic teaching session with a young child? A. A toy car with a racetrack B. A video the child likes C. A piece of yard the child likes to twist D. Crayons and a piece of paper When you document, you should attempt to document only… A. As little as possible so what you write cannot be used against you B. Your analysis of why what you documented happened C. Your impressions of the event you are documenting D. What was observed, not interpretations of what was observed What is the overall intent for delivering a discriminative stimulus? A. To get an individual to engage in a particular behavior B. To get an individual to engage in goal-directed behavior C. To get an individual to understand generalized directions D. To get an individual to engage in appropriate social behavior Differential reinforcement works by: A. Reinforcing only the behaviors that should be increased while removing reinforcement from behaviors that should be decreased. B. Reinforcing only the behaviors that should be decreased while removing reinforcement from behaviors that should be increased. C. Reinforcing all behaviors a person engages in and punishing those that appear to be inappropriate. D. Ignoring all behaviors a person engages in and reinforcing those that appear to occur more frequently. Which of the following is considered a naturalistic teaching strategy? A. Precision teaching B. Discrete trial instruction C. Function based assessment D. Incidental teaching Which of the following is an illustration of most-to-least prompting? A. Modeling, full physical, gestural, positional B. Partial physical, modeling, visual, gestural C. Gestural, partial physical, modeling, positional D. Visual, gestural, positional, partial physical Which of the following is a more current expansion of discrete trial instruction: A. Use of punishment following an incorrect response B. The use of animals in discrete trial intervention C. Errorless learning techniques D. The use of reinforcement as a consequence in a discrete trial Asking a learner to select items using a preposition is an: A. Early skill B. Advanced skill C. Intermediate skill D. Autonomous skill Which of the following is an example of a motivating operation? A. Jan is hungry, so she works harder to get crackers as a reward B. Jan finds that working is aversive to her so she doesn’t work C. Jan likes crackers for lunch so she has them a lot D. Jan likes working outside more than she likes working inside Which of the following is an advantage of using a token economy? A. They ensure that individuals who receive tokens will consistently respond favorably to the system. B. They offer individuals an opportunity to regulate their own behavior to receive tokens and back-up reinforcers. C. They offer a simple way to incorporate punishment for undesirable behavior into a reinforcement system. D. They are resistant to satiation and individuals becoming bored because of the variety of back-up reinforcers that can be used. Discrete trials should be delivered rather quickly in order to: A. Keep the momentum going B. Trick the learner into doing what is asked C. Make sure the learner is not reinforced too often D. Get through the program and end the session early Which of the following is true about chaining? A. It involves making large steps toward a goal B. It involves a step-wise progression of similar skills C. It involves moving the steps in the chain backward in all cases D. It involves waiting to see if the person can complete the steps independently Which of the following is an example of a token economy? A. Giving a child a treat when they imitate a motor action within 3 seconds of a cue B. A student makes an A on a test after having studied hours for it C. A child receives points for correct responses to exchange for an activity later on D. A parent says “nice work” when a child cleans their room without being asked to do so Which of the following could ensure that an intervention involving the use of punishment is effective? A. Getting prior approval from a human subjects panel B. Obtaining informed consent from parents or guardians C. Collecting and reviewing intervention data D. Checking in to make sure things are going well Which of the following is a discriminative stimulus (SD)? A. Receiving a sticker for completing a task B. Receiving something to eat after saying “I am hungry” C. Saying “match blue” and receiving a blue card D. Not following a direction given by an adult It is important to have a variety of back-up reinforcers on a reinforcer menu or to change them up on a regular basis because: A. Variety is a basic human need and individuals will not respond at all if there are not enough choices B. Not having a choice will send the message that working for tokens is not something that will pay off C. Choices on the reinforcer menu are often the only positives many individuals receive on a regular basis D. Only have the choice among the same items may cause individuals to become bored and stop earning tokens Forward chaining involves: A. Teaching the beginning steps and reinforcing each subsequent step B. Teaching the ending steps and reinforcing earlier steps in the chain C. Teaching the beginning steps and observing each subsequent step D. Teaching the ending steps and observing earlier steps in the chain When larger skills are broken down into teachable skills, this is called: A. Reinforcement B. Task analysis C. Successive approximations D. Shaping Which of the following is an example of discretionary effort as defined by Daniels (2000)*? A. Cindy follows all of her supervisor’s instructions and is never late to work B. Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked C. Marco finds what his colleagues are doing incorrectly and trains them on the correct procedure D. Lynn reads informational articles about ABA when she is home * "Discretionary effort is the level of effort people could give if they wanted to, but above and beyond the minimum required." Daniels Which of the following is an activity that would be appropriate during an RBT supervision session? A. Modeling and coaching new ABA techniques B. Discussing events that are happening in the community C. Discussing personal issues with other staff members D. Discussing work schedules and employee benefits Which part of the 3-term contingency addresses factors that occur before the display of behavior? A. Antecedents B. Responses C. Consequences D. Reinforcement Data are plotted on line graphs according to: A. The number of instances of the behavior across time B. The cumulative number of behaviors across time C. Baseline and intervention averages of behavior D. Intensity of behavior over time Which of the following is true about token economies used in school-wide systems? A. Most individual students will not respond to them B. Expectations must be identified and taught C. School staff will be reluctant to reinforce students D. There are not enough opportunities to use tokens in school Marcia is teaching Denise how to clean a kitchen. She taught her how to rinse dishes and put them in the dishwasher, how to wipe counters, and how to sweep. The process Marcia used to teach how to clean a kitchen is called: A. Chaining B. Task analysis C. Shaping* D. Reinforcing * Differentially reinforcing successive approximations toward a terminal behavior. Which of the following should you do in order to prepare for a session? A. Gather materials and reinforcers and chat with colleagues about the individual B. Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data and check your schedule C. Gather materials and reinforcers and discuss what you should do with your supervisor D. Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers Which of the following behaviors might serve a “gain attention” function? A. Running out of the room B. Staring at a ceiling fan in a room C. Making silly noises D. Hiding in a closet Behavioral shaping involves: A. Reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior B. Reinforcing successive approximations of a smaller behavior C. Reinforcing only the terminal behavior in a chain D. Reinforcing multiple steps of a behavior at one time Which of the following skills is addressed in an interview format on the competency assessment? A. Implement token economies B. Implement stimulus fading C. Implement shaping D. Maintaining client dignity Visual inspection is: A. Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining graphed data B. Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining raw data C. Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention before all data are collected D. Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by watching the individual within the environment Which of the following should you do if you are using errorless learning to deliver a trial? A. Provide the least intrusive prompt possible and wait for a response B. Provide the most intrusive prompt necessary for correct responding C. Use a time delay prompt and wait to see if the learner will respond D. Use no prompting and re-present the trial if the learner responds incorrectly When preparing for a naturalistic teaching session involving requesting items, which of the following is important to obtain ahead of time? A. Items not related to the targeted requests B. People who can serve as distractors C. The items to be requested D. Items the learner does not like Which of the following is true regarding the role of the RBT in the behavior intervention process? A. RBTs design interventions for individuals B. RBTs plan functional assessment tasks C. RBTs implement behavior intervention plans D. RBTs design and implement behavior intervention plans Which of the following is an example of a continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF)*? A. Mike gets a point each time he raises his hand B. Mike gets a point after every 3rd time he raises his hand C. Mikes gets 2 points after he has raised his hand during a class period D. Mike gets a point after each class period he does not have a problem behavior * A continuous schedule of reinforcement (sometimes abbreviated into CRF) occurs when reinforcement is delivered after every single target behavior whereas an intermittent schedule of reinforcement (INT) means reinforcement is delivered after some behaviors or responses but never after each one. Transfer trials are used when: A. The learner is beginning verbal behavior training B. Echoic prompts need to be faded C. When the learner can say the word with no prompts at all D. When diction and inflection are being taught A trend that ascends from left to right means: A. A behavior is decreasing B. A behavior is leveling out C. A behavior is increasing D. There is not enough data to tell Which of the following could be a prevention strategy for a behavior that involves throwing items? A. Ensuring that noise levels are low B. Maximizing the number of items that are close by C. Minimizing the number of items that could be thrown D. Ensuring that reinforcers are available for on task behavior Fixed ratio schedules*: A. Produce high and steady rates of behavior B. Produce low and uneven rates of behavior C. Produce high rates of uneven behavior D. Produce low and steady rates of behavior * A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement means that reinforcement should be delivered after a constant or “fixed” number of correct responses. How does a motivating operation work to increase the effectiveness of mand training? A. It makes it more likely that the individual will want the reinforcer and will mand for it B. It makes it less likely that the individual will want the reinforcer and will not mand to have it C. It has little to no effect on the reinforcer and will not affect the production of the mand D. It makes it more likely the individual will want the reinforcer but will not evoke the mand Which of the following is an example of an intraverbal? A. Saying “snack time” when hungry B. Saying “it is a balloon” when seeing a balloon C. Saying “horse” when seeing a horse D. Saying “I like chocolate. What do you like?” Which of the following is an example of an exploitative relationship? A. A grateful mother baking a cake for her child’s ABA team B. A BCBA agreeing to take a child on his caseload if the parent of the child receiving services will agree to give a discount on power tools at his hardware store C. Two co-workers flirting with each other D. An RBT thanking her mentor for being supportive Variable interval schedules of reinforcement occur: A. After an unpredictable amount of time has passed B. After a predictable amount of time has passed C. After an unpredictable number of responses have been displayed D. After a predictable number of responses have been displayed Which of the following violates the Professional and Compliance Code Element that addresses “disseminating accurate information about behavior analysis”: A. Giving credit to an author of an article while training staff on the procedure illustrated in the article B. Informing the BACB when your address has changed C. Putting a statement on a company website that says “ABA is grounded in scientific research” D. A brochure that states “ABA can ensure that your child will speak within 3 weeks of starting therapy” If an RBT puts a picture of herself and the clients she works with on a social media site, she is: A. Ignoring their basic rights B. Engaging in a dual relationship C. Violating the client’s right to confidentiality Which of the following dimensions of ABA refers to the social importance of problems? A. Analytic B. Conceptual C. Technological D. Applied Which of the following statements is true about reinforcement? A. It decreases a behavior B. It decreases a reaction to a stimulus C. It increases a behavior D. It increases dependency Which of the following is an example of punishment? A. After a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises in class, he quit making noises in class B. After a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises in class, he made more noises in class C. A student received a bad grade on his math assignment D. A student got out of doing classwork due to disruptive behavior A most-to-least prompting sequence involves: A. Using no prompts and then a non-intrusive prompt B. Using the most intrusive prompt and then no prompt C. Using the least intrusive prompt and then no prompt D. Using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive prompts until the least is used What are two things you need to maintain if you assist a person with banking and bill paying? A. An adequate bank balance and a budget B. A transaction record and a reconciliation of the transactions C. Your documentation as payee for the person you support and the bankbook D. Legal guardianship of the person and power attorney Discrete trial teaching differs from naturalistic teaching strategies in that: A. Discrete trial instruction is child-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are adult initiated B. Discrete trial instruction is more effective than naturalistic teaching strategies C. Discrete trial instruction is adult-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are child-initiated D. Naturalistic teaching strategies are more effective than discrete trial instruction When might not obtaining informed consent, possible violating confidentiality, be justified? A. When the parents of an adult you support are seeking information about the person B. When there is a significant and immediate health and safety risk to the person you support, or to others C. When you are talking to your own family members about your job and the people you support D. When the person you support has done something humorous and other staff would enjoy hearing about it Stimulus control transfer is important for: A. Helping the learner only respond to prompts B. Increasing prompt dependency C. Moving artificial prompts to naturally occurring ones D. Ensuring that artificial prompts are always in place Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on self-management and the development of behaviors associated with empathy? A. Incidental teaching B. Pivotal response treatment C. Script fading D. Natural environment teaching What is one thing you can do to maximize accuracy of what you document when assessing a person? A. Discuss your observation with others before writing anything down B. Get as many impressions from others about your observation before documenting C. Document immediately after an observation D. Wait a day or two to get your thoughts together before documenting Stimulus discrimination training helps: A. The learner to discern what is correct in the presence of an incorrect stimulus B. The learner to discern what is incorrect in the presence of a correct stimulus C. The learner to determine how to go about responding to cues D. The learner to engage in multiple behaviors at once Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on teaching verbal operants such as mands, tacts, and intraverbals? A. Incidental teaching B. Early Start Denver model C. Natural environment teaching D. Pivotal Response Treatment When behaviors are being maintained, reinforcement schedules move from: A. Thin to thick B. Thick to thin C. Thick to none D. None to thick Response cost used in a token system involves: A. Taking a token away for the display of undesirable behavior B. Denying the opportunity to receive a token during the display of undesirable behavior C. Delivering a token in the hope that it will make the undesirable behavior go away D. Taking away a back-up reinforcer for the display of undesirable behavior Which would be the next step in a shaping program to increase time on a task from 3 minutes? A. 1 minute B. 3 minutes C. 4 minutes D. 8 minutes Which of the following makes reinforcement more effective? A. Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency B. Prompting, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency C. Deprivation state, latency, adequate size, and contingency D. Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and opportunity The good rule for using token systems for younger children is: A. The fewer target behaviors to reinforce at a time, the better B. The more target behaviors to reinforce at a time, the better C. The ore tokens they earn at a time, the better D. Reminding them of what they can do to earn tokens is never advised To achieve momentum during a discrete trial session, you must: A. Deliver the discriminative stimuli (SD) slowly B. Deliver the discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly C. Provide a lot of time between trials D. Wait to reinforce at the end of the session Teaching with multiple instructions helps learners to generalize because: A. They can respond to different cues during intervention B. They can respond to different cues found in the natural environment C. They can respond only to specific ways directions are delivered D. They can respond to the same cues during intervention Replacement behaviors are: A. Behaviors that can be altered easily B. Unacceptable behavior that needs to be replaced C. Behaviors that are unnecessary and that should be altered D. Acceptable behaviors to teach in place of undesirable behaviors Recently, Mario’s tantrums seem to last longer. Which data recording procedure might be the best one to use to determine this? A. Duration recording B. Partial interval C. Whole interval D. Time sampling Behavioral function tries to explain: A. How the behavior is happening B. When the behavior is happening C. How long the behavior is happening D. Why the behavior is happening How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer? A. If the learner is only slightly reluctant to start work B. If the learner never wants the session to end C. If the learner shows fewer behavior problems than before D. If the learner approaches you and the session easily Why is it important to establish target behaviors in a token system? A. To know what behaviors an individual must display to receive a token B. To know how many tokens an individual can receive within a token cycle C. To know what back-up reinforcers may work best for an individual D. To know what behaviors to discourage an individual from performing Why is it important to record data as close to the time the behavior actually occurred as possible? A. So confidentiality will be less likely to be breached B. So directions for data collection will be followed accurately C. So the data will be more likely to reflect an accurate picture of the behavior D. So the data will not be misinterpreted by others How does functional communication training (FCT) address problem behavior? A. By addressing daily living skills need to replace problem behavior B. By suppressing problem behavior through reinforcement C. By increasing desirable behavior through alterations to the environment D. By addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior Replacement behaviors are taught so: A. The individual can have options for how to behave B. The individual has a more desirable option for the behavior of concern C. The individual can eliminate all undesirable behavior D. The individual will comply with all task demands and requests Which of the following is an example of a mand? A. “See the cow!” B. “The mouse went under the chair.” C. “Name something round and big.” D. “May I have an espresso, please?” When is the best time to allow for a break during a discrete trial session? A. When the learner has had some mild behavior issues or is not paying attention at all B. Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD) C. When the learner appears to be tired and is exhibiting noncompliant behaviors D. After 20 minutes or when your supervisor tells you to Differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior are used to: A. Increase rates of behavior across settings B. Increase the time from the display of one behavior to the next C. Decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next D. Reinforce behaviors that typically occur only at high rates The process of defining target behaviors using a precise definition is called: A. Targeting the behavior B. Precision definition of the behavior C. Clearly defining the behavior D. Operationally defining the behavior Why are prevention strategies a valuable part of behavior intervention plans? A. They help to suppress inappropriate behavior B. They decrease the likelihood that an undesirable behavior will get reinforced C. They cut the individual off from the possibility of engaging the behavior D. They offer an opportunity to reinforce all other behaviors Which of the following is an example of teaching an intraverbal target in the natural environment? A. Being on a playground and asking ,“Where do you build sand castles?” B. Showing pictures of playground equipment and asking, “Which one do you build sandcastles with?” C. Being in a classroom and asking, “Where do you build sandcastles?” D. Being in a grocery store and asking, “Where do you build sandcastles?” Variable ratio schedules of reinforcement: A. Increase the likelihood the behavior targeted for reinforcement will disappear B. Decrease the likelihood the behavior targeted for reinforcement will be displayed C. Provide high and unpredictable rates of the behavior targeted for reinforcement D. Provide high and steady rates of the behavior targeted for reinforcement Which of the following is the best reason for thinning reinforcement? A. To make sure the behavior is well-established B. To increase an individual’s dependence on the reinforcer C. To decrease behavior problems that occur when the reinforcer is not available D. To decrease dependence on the reinforcer in order to demonstrate the behavior The components of the 4-term contingency include: A. Discriminative stimulus, the behavior, the reinforcer, the consequence B. Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus