PALS Pretest Questions, with complete top solutions, latest updated

PALS Pretest Questions, with complete top solutions, latest updated what should the first rescuer arriving on the scene of an unresponsive infant or child do? verify scene safety, check responsiveness, shout for help, activate emergency response system How long should assessing for breathing and checking for a pulse take? No longer than 10 seconds If the AED indicates no shock advised, what should be the next action? Start chest compressions What is the compression-to-breath ratio for 1- and 2-rescuer CPR for children and infants? 1-rescuer, 30:2; 2-rescuer, 15:2 Systematic Approach video 1: Blonde, 18-month-old child with pacifier. Does this patient need immediate intervention? Yes Systematic Approach video 1: Blonde, 18-month-old child with pacifier. What is the patient's appearance? Awake Systematic Approach video 1: Blonde, 18-month-old child with pacifier. What is the patient's work of breathing? Increased work of breathing Systematic Approach video 1: Blonde, 18-month-old child with pacifier. What is this patient's color? Pale Systematic Approach video 2: 3-year-old child in yellow shirt. Does this patient need immediate intervention? No Systematic Approach video 2: 3-year-old child in yellow shirt. What is the patient's appearance? Increased interaction Systematic Approach video 2: 3-year-old child in yellow shirt. What is the patient's work of breathing? Normal Systematic Approach video 2: 3-year-old child in yellow shirt. What is this patient's color? Pink mucous membranes Primary Assessment video 1: Patient with dragon nebulizer. Does this patient need immediate intervention? Yes Primary Assessment video 1: Patient with dragon nebulizer. Is the airway maintainable? Yes Primary Assessment video 1: Patient with dragon nebulizer. Is the breathing adequate? No Primary Assessment video 2: Infant in blanket with ECG leads. Does this patient need immediate intervention? Yes Primary Assessment video 2: Infant in blanket with ECG leads. What is the condition? Hypoxemia Primary Assessment video 2: Infant in blanket with ECG leads. What is your assessment? Cardiopulmonary failure What is chest compression fraction? Proportion of time that compressions are performed What chest compression fraction is recommended, and what goal is often achievable with good teamwork? 60%; 80% Respiratory video case discussion 1: 3-year-old child with nasal cannula, in diaper, lying on mother's chest (child with special healthcare needs) Does this patient need immediate intervention? No Respiratory video case discussion 1: 3-year-old child with nasal cannula, in diaper, lying on mother's chest (child with special healthcare needs) What is your assessment? Respiratory distress, lung tissue disease Respiratory video case discussion 1: 3-year-old child with nasal cannula, in diaper, lying on mother's chest (child with special healthcare needs) What intervention is most appropriate to do next? Administer intravenous antibiotics Respiratory video case discussion 2: 2-year-old shirtless boy in green shoes Does this patient need immediate intervention? No Respiratory video case discussion 2: 2-year-old shirtless boy in green shoes What is your assessment? Respiratory distress, lower airway obstruction Respiratory video case discussion 2: 2-year-old shirtless boy in green shoes What interventions do you anticipate? Administer nebulized albuterol and ipratropium bromide Shock video case discussion 1: 12-month-old child with G-tube. Does this patient need immediate intervention? Yes Shock video case discussion 1: 12-month-old child with G-tube What is your assessment? Compensated hypovolemic shock Shock video case discussion 1: 12-month-old child with G-tube What interventions do you anticipate? Administer fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid Shock video case discussion 1: 17-year-old female adolescent in red shirt Does this patient need immediate intervention? Yes Shock video case discussion 2: 17-year-old female adolescent in red shirt What are the potential causes? Sepsis Shock video case discussion 2: 17-year-old female adolescent in red shirt What is your assessment? Hypotensive distributive shock Shock video case discussion 2: 17-year-old female adolescent in red shirt What interventions do you anticipate? Administer intravenous antibiotics within the first hour Arrhythmia video case discussion 1: 13-year-old male adolescent with teddy bear Does this patient need immediate intervention? Yes Arrhythmia video case discussion 1: 13-year-old male adolescent with teddy bear What is your assessment? Cardiorespiratory failure Arrhythmia video case discussion 1: 13-year-old male adolescent with teddy bear What interventions do you anticipate? Provide immediate bag-mask ventilation with 100% oxygen; add chest compressions with ventilation if heart rate does not increase to 60/min Arrhythmia Video Case Discussion 2: 15-year-old male adolescent, post-heart surgery Does this patient need immediate intervention? No Arrhythmia Video Case Discussion 2: 15-year-old male adolescent, post-heart surgery What is your assessment? Ventricular tachycardia Arrhythmia Video Case Discussion 2: 15-year-old male adolescent, post-heart surgery Which intervention is appropriate to do next? Obtain expert consultation You can optimize ventilation by evaluating which of the following? Capnography and blood gases What determines stroke volume? Preload, contractility, afterload You can prevent secondary brain injury by correcting which of the following? Hypothermia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypoxia Which of the following is an appropriate intraosseous site? Distal tibia Which of the following is a contraindication to intraosseous access? Fracture near access site