CCI Practice Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A

CCI Practice Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A A Doppler finding in patients with patent ductus arteriosus would be: - Diastolic left to right flow in the pulmonary artery Which medium interface would you expect the strongest (brightest) echoes to occur? - Air/Skin A congenital malformation where the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve is displaced toward the apex of the right ventricle is termed: - Ebsteins anomaly In a patient with an ostium secundum defect of the heart, a step-up (increased concentration) of oxygen saturation would be noted in the: - Right atrium Which component is the metabolic component of acid base balance in the body? - Hco3 The stroke volume of an intact ventricle is directly influenced by all of the following except? a. Preload b. Afterload c. Contractility d. Age - Age The factor that most strongly influences the speed at which an ultrasound wave travels through a patients liver is the: - stiffness of the liver tissue ________________ cannot travel through a vcuum - Sound When evaluating an aortic valve for stenosis, caution must be taken not to underestimate the severity of the stenosis in the presence of: - Mitral regurgitation Frequency of sound is expressed in: - hertz The methods used to decrease the build up of acid in a patient who is arresting are: - Hyperventilation and sodium bicarbonate The term opening snap is used to describe: - mitral stenosis The mid systolic click is generally associated with: - Barlow's syndrome What factors affect the pressure gradient across a valve? - Resistance to flow and proximal chamber pressure The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure most closely approximates _____________ pressures. - LA and LVEDP The most common ventricular septal defect is the: - perimembranous VSD Untreated congestive heart failure could eventually lead to: - pulmonary HTN The tension in the fibers of the ventricle after the onset of systole refers to: - afterload A direct result of mitral regurgitation is: - Left atrial enlargement Wolff Parkinson's White syndrome is diagnosed on the ECG by the presence of a: - delta wave The second heart sound is associated with: - closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves A typical finding in the presence of aortic stenosis is: - Left ventricular hypertrophy Ohms law describes the basic characteristics of electricity in a circuit; A principle that applies to all electrical, medical and monitoring instruments. The formula is: - V=IxR In what medium does sound travel the fastest? - bone subcristal VSD's are also known as: - Subaotric VSD A finding of coronary artery aneurysms on an echocardiogram of a child would be consistent with: - Barlow's syndrome The central venous pressure is a direct reflection of the: - right atrial pressure In the normal functioning heart, the end diastolic volume is determined by what major factors? - Diastolic filling pressure, total blood volume and atrial systole The amount of refraction is most strongly influenced by the relative ____________ on either side of the interface. - acoustic impedance Regions of decreased particle density as seen on ultrasound refers to: - rarefraction The _________ is independent of the frequency and intensity of the sound wave. - speed of sound Refraction will not occur is the sound beam is ________ to the interface. - perpendicular Tetrology of Fallot is diagnosed when the presence of what four anomalies? - right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis and an overriding aorta (over the VSD) In ultrasound, regions of increased particle density refers to: - compression Blood within the pulmonary artery is generally _______ % saturated with oxygen - 75% Diastolic fluttering of the anterior mitral valve leaflet as seen on the m-mode tracing would suggest? - Aortic insufficiency What factor of resistance has the most effect on the resistance to flow in a blood vessel? - The vessels radius The echo window of choice for evaluating mitral regurgitation with continuous wave Doppler is: - The apical 4 chamber view When we are born, the communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery that is present inutero may fail to close off after birth. This communication is called: - Patent ductus arteriosus If the pressure amplitude of a sound wave is doubled, the intensity would be: - quadrupled A pulse repetition frequency of less than twice the Doppler shift frequency will result in __________. - aliasing Acoustical information is converted into image data through the use of - fast Fourier transformer system converters Impulses conducted from the sinus node are delayed slightly at the ___________ before continuing to the ventricles. - atrioventricular node The coronary blood flow to the heart is a __________ event - diastolic The muscle of the heart is composed of: - myofibrils The propagation speed of sound divided by the frequency equals: - wavelangth The left and right bundle branches travel down the conduction system to terminate in the: - perkinji fibers During the performance of an echocardiogram you note that the heart is on the right side of the chest. This is called: - dextracardia The unit of measurement describing dynamic range is: - decibels Barlow's syndrome is another name for: - mitral valve prolapse The base of the aortic root is called the: - valsalva As sound travels through a medium it loses it's power. This is known as: - attenuation The pericardium is divided into two layers, the ___________ & _____________. - visceral and epicardial The american society of echocardiography has adapted the "leading edge to leading edge" method for measuring m-mode tracings. This is to: - establish a reproducible and consistent standard for measurements The walls of the arteries are divided into sections. The middle muscular layer of the arterial wall is called: - the tunica media The contractile portion of the myofibril is called: - sarcomere In the presence of infundibular pulmonic stenosis, the most likely associated finding would be: - right ventricular hypertrophy Attenuation is noted in: - decibels What structure is known as the pacemaker of the heart? - the sinus node The performance rating of an ultrasound imaging system is determined in part by ________. - axial resolution In ultrasound, if you increase the frequency of an instrument, the axial resolution will: - improve The left anterior descending artery is responsible for perfusing the ______ wall of the heart. - anterior The outermost layer of the arterial walls is the: - tunica adventicia The anterior septum is perfused in most normal coronary systems by the upper portion of the __________? - Left anterior descending The influx of __________ ions stimulate the actin-myocin to elicit the response to contract. - sodium Anatomically, the aortic valve leaflets are termed: - left, right and non-coronary cusps The _________ artery is responsible for perfusing the lateral wall of the heart. - left circumflex The pulmonic valve is tri-leaflet with pocket like cusps. They are anatomically named: - Anterior posterior and lateral The range of displayed gray scale, between the lowest and highest magnitude signals the system can detect refers to: - dynamic range The pathways from the sinus node to the ventricles and left atrium are termed: - internodal pathways The left ventricular apex is perfused by the ____________ artery? - Left anterior descending Pulsed wave Doppler systems are used for evaluation of high velocity jets, but only continuous wave allows for depth location. T or F? - False 1540 m/s is the propagation speed of sound through which medium? - tissue The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart is called the: - pericardium The atrioventricular node gives rise to the: - HIS bundle The only veins in the body that carry deoxygenated blood are the: - caval veins Possible biological side effects of ultrasound include: - heat and cavitation Formation of the heart begins as a primitive vascular tube within the pericardial cavity and is composed of: - the sinus venosus, cardiac loop and bulbous cordis "B" mode images provide information on depth and lateral resolution. T or F? - False The absorption, reflection and scattering of a sound beam is known as: - attenuation The ________ artery perfuses the posterior wall of the heart. - Right coronary A membrane seen in the left atrium traversing from the lateral to the atrial septal walls could indicate: - cor triatriatum The phased array transducer system in ultrasound uses a ____________ - mechanized electric The two main coronary arteries that arise from the base of the aorta are the: - Left main coronary and right coronary Joules/cm squared is an expression of - energy and voltage The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure is the: - pulse pressure It's possible to visualize the coronary arteries, particularly the ostium of the arteries with echocardiography. The echo view it's best done in is: - the parasternal short axis view Axial resolution is determined by: - pulse length A 3.5 mHz focused transducer will have __________ focal zone compared to a 2.5 mHz focused transducer of identical size and shape. - a wider An increased EPSS (E point septal separation) is indicative of: - a dilated ventricle Cardiac tumors occur most often in: - women Pulmonic stenosis can increase _______. - afterload Normal right atrial pressure is: - <8 mmHg The formula for cardiac output is: - SV x HR Being awakened with shortness of breath in the middle of the night is a symptom suggestive of - congestive heart failure When performing a Doppler evaluation of a valve, using a large sample volume (gate) will: - decrease the sensitivity of the instrument An unfocused 5 mHz transducer will have a _____ near field than an ufocused 3 mHz transducer. - longer Under normal conditions ________ determines the force of contraction: - afterload Frank Starling's Law refers to: - Length tension relationship In fetal development, the heart is the first organ to complete it's development, It is formed in just: - 43 days The factor that has the least influence on axial resolution is: - beam width Turbulent flow will cause an increase of pressure ______ to the area of turbulence. - Proximal A 5.0 mHz transducer will have _______ axial resolution than a 3.5 mHz transducer - better Systemic hypertension affects the ________ - afterload Factors that determine beam width effect the lateral resolution include: - transducer frequency, diameter and focusing A delta wave seen on an ECG indicates the presence of: - Wolf Parkinsons White Syndrome The apical 4 chamber view is the most beneficial for evaluation of the mitral and tricuspid valves with Doppler because: - the beam is most parallel to the valve Phase "0" of the cardiac action potential accounts for: - depolarization The sound associated with mitral stenosis is: - opening snap Abrupt variations in vessel diameter may cause turbulence - True Cardiac output from a heart beat is a culmination of active and passive portions of the cycle. What percentage is considered passive? - 70% On the ECG, late ventricular filling occurs after the: - P wave The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, when obtained using the Swan Ganz catheter, indicates the: - left ventricular end diastolic pressure The normal "pacemaker" of the heart is the: - sinus node Pressure and load exerted on the ventricle at the end diastole is: - preload The backing layer generally determines the frequency of the transducer. T or F? - False The pathway of conduction from the right to the left atrium is: - Bachmans bundle A decrease in cessels diameter (all things remaining the same) would: - increase blood velocity An opening communication between the left and right ventricle is a: - ventricular septal defect The great vessels include: - aorta and pulmonary artery Aortic stenosis affects the preload and ______ - afterload When using echocardiography to evaluate for IHSS (idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis), using contrast agent would be helpful to outline the ________. - endocardium A patient is sent to your lab to evaluate a "systolic click", you'd concentrate your efforts on the: - mitral valve The coronary artery returns used blood from the _____ to the ______. - heart to the right atrium ________________ is an example of an early diastolic murmur. - pulmonic insufficiency The resistance at which the ventricle squeezes against is the: - afterload A decrease in pulse duration results in __________ frequency bandwidth. - an increase When an Austin-Flint murmur is heard it's associated with: - the mitral valve Phase III of the cardiac action potential accounts for the _________ phase - repolarization Of the factors listed below, lateral resolution is least effected by: a. frequency b. diameter c. focal depth d. damping - damping The afterload determines the tension that the myocardium