Samenvatting Duurzaam handelen
Inhoudsopgave
1.ENERGIE................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 WARMTE.......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 Warmteoverdracht .................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1.2 Hoogrendementsglas ............................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 ELEKTRISCHE ENERGIE ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 MECHANISCHE ENERGIE .................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.4 POTENTIELE EN KINETISCHE ENERGIE ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.5 CHEMISCHE ENERGIE ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.1 Endotherm ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.2 Exotherm ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.5.3 Calorische onderwaarde .......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.4 Calorische bovenwaarde.......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.6 ENERGIETRANSITIE .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.7 ELEKTRICITEITCENTRALE (fossiel en biomassa) ............................................................................................................... 6
1.8 KERNENERGIE .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.8.1 Kernsplijting ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.8.2 Straling ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.8.3 Kernfusie .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.9 ZONNE-ENERGIE .............................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.9.1 Passief ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.9.2 Zonnecollectoren ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.9.3 PV -cellen ................................................................................................................................................................. 9
1.10 WINDENERGIE ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
1.10.1 Nadelen................................................................................................................................................................ 10
1.11 WATERENERGIE ........................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.11.1 Rivier die stroomt ................................................................................................................................................ 10
1.11.2 Getijden, stroming door eb en vloed ................................................................................................................... 10
1.11.3 Golven.................................................................................................................................................................. 10
1.11.4 Zwaartekracht (stuwmeer, Hydro collector)........................................................................................................ 11
1.11.5 Blue energy (Zout + zoet water spanning ........................................................................................................ 11
1.12 GEOTHERMIE ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
........................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
1.12.1 Open systeem ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
........................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
1.12.2 Gesloten systeem ................................................................................................................................................ 12
1.12.3 Warmtepomp ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
Lucht warmtepomp ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
, 1.13 BIOMASSA ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.14 ENERGIEOPSLAG - WARMTE ........................................................................................................................................ 14
1.14.1Warmtebuffer ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
1.14.2 WKO (warmte/ koudeopslag) .............................................................................................................................. 14
1.14.3 Latent (niet voelbare warmte) ............................................................................................................................. 14
1.14.4Kristalwater .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.15 ENERGIEOPSLAG - ELEKTRICITEIT ................................................................................................................................ 15
1.15.1 Elektrochemisch................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.15.2 Elektromechanisch............................................................................................................................................... 15
1.16 Chemische opslag ................................................................................................................................................... 15
2. ACHTERGROND DUURZAME ONTWIKKELING ...................................................................................................................... 16
2.1 PPP................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.1.1People (sociale)....................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.1.2Planet (ecologisch) .................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.1.3Profit/ prosperity (economisch, welvaart) .............................................................................................................. 16
2.2 GESCHIEDENIS ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 Club van Rome (’72) ............................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.2 Brundtland commissie (’87) ................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.3Earth Summit (’92) .................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.2.4 Kyoto (’97) ............................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.2.5 Earth summit Johannesburg (‘02) .......................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.6 Start UN decade on education for sustainable development (’05)........................................................................ 17
2.2.7 Climate conference Copenhagen (’09) .................................................................................................................. 17
2.2.8 EU 2020 strategie (’10) .......................................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.9 Revisie van Milleniumdoelen van de VN (’10) ....................................................................................................... 17
2.2.10 Earth summit Rio De Janeiro (’12) ....................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.11 Klimaattop Parijs (’15) ......................................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.12Klimaattop Katowice (’18) .................................................................................................................................... 17
3.BEGRIPPEN ............................................................................................................................................................................ 17
3.1 Verborgen impact .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Ecologische voetafdruk .................................................................................................................................................. 17
3.3 Carbon footprint ............................................................................................................................................................ 17
3.4 Donut economie ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
3.5 Peak oil of Hubbert peak ............................................................................................................................................... 18
3.6 Schaliegas ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.7 Protein dilemma ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
3.8 Plastic soup .................................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.10 Prisoners dilemma ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.11 Rebound effect (R.E.)(Jevons paradox)........................................................................................................................ 19
3.12 Lineaire economie ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.13 Exponentiële groei ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
, 3.14 Closing the loop ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.15 Circulaire economie ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.16 Cradle to cradle (C2C) .................................................................................................................................................. 20
3.17 Pay per lux ................................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.18 BIOBASED MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 20
3.18.1 Biobased en biodegradeerbare plastics ............................................................................................................... 21
3.19 Life Cycle Assessment .................................................................................................................................................. 21
3.20 Trias Energetica ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
3.21 Carbon bubble ............................................................................................................................................................. 22
3.22 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) ........................................................................................................................... 22
3.23 IPCC ............................................................................................................................................................................. 22
4. KLIMAAT ............................................................................................................................................................................... 23
4.1 Broeikaseffect ................................................................................................................................................................ 23
4.1.1 Broeikasgassen ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
4.1.2 Permafrost ............................................................................................................................................................. 23
4.2 CO2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 24
4.2.1 CO2 in atmosfeer .................................................................................................................................................... 24
4.2.2 IJStijden.................................................................................................................................................................. 24
4.2.3 CO2 (sinks) op land ................................................................................................................................................. 25
4.2.4 Carbon capture and storage (CCS) ......................................................................................................................... 25
4.2.5 CO2 (sinks) in oceanen ........................................................................................................................................... 25
4.3 Gevolgen temperatuurstijging ....................................................................................................................................... 26
4.4 smeltend ijs ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.4.1 Noordpool (drijfijs) ................................................................................................................................................ 26
4.4.2 Groenland .............................................................................................................................................................. 26
4.5 Geo-engineering ............................................................................................................................................................ 27
4.5.1 voorbeelden ........................................................................................................................................................... 27
5. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) met Solidworks (SW) ............................................................................................................... 28
6. OEFENINGEN ........................................................................................................................................................................ 28
Inhoudsopgave
1.ENERGIE................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 WARMTE.......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 Warmteoverdracht .................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1.2 Hoogrendementsglas ............................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 ELEKTRISCHE ENERGIE ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 MECHANISCHE ENERGIE .................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.4 POTENTIELE EN KINETISCHE ENERGIE ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.5 CHEMISCHE ENERGIE ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.1 Endotherm ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.2 Exotherm ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.5.3 Calorische onderwaarde .......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.4 Calorische bovenwaarde.......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.6 ENERGIETRANSITIE .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.7 ELEKTRICITEITCENTRALE (fossiel en biomassa) ............................................................................................................... 6
1.8 KERNENERGIE .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.8.1 Kernsplijting ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.8.2 Straling ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.8.3 Kernfusie .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.9 ZONNE-ENERGIE .............................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.9.1 Passief ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.9.2 Zonnecollectoren ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.9.3 PV -cellen ................................................................................................................................................................. 9
1.10 WINDENERGIE ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
1.10.1 Nadelen................................................................................................................................................................ 10
1.11 WATERENERGIE ........................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.11.1 Rivier die stroomt ................................................................................................................................................ 10
1.11.2 Getijden, stroming door eb en vloed ................................................................................................................... 10
1.11.3 Golven.................................................................................................................................................................. 10
1.11.4 Zwaartekracht (stuwmeer, Hydro collector)........................................................................................................ 11
1.11.5 Blue energy (Zout + zoet water spanning ........................................................................................................ 11
1.12 GEOTHERMIE ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
........................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
1.12.1 Open systeem ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
........................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
1.12.2 Gesloten systeem ................................................................................................................................................ 12
1.12.3 Warmtepomp ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
Lucht warmtepomp ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
, 1.13 BIOMASSA ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.14 ENERGIEOPSLAG - WARMTE ........................................................................................................................................ 14
1.14.1Warmtebuffer ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
1.14.2 WKO (warmte/ koudeopslag) .............................................................................................................................. 14
1.14.3 Latent (niet voelbare warmte) ............................................................................................................................. 14
1.14.4Kristalwater .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.15 ENERGIEOPSLAG - ELEKTRICITEIT ................................................................................................................................ 15
1.15.1 Elektrochemisch................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.15.2 Elektromechanisch............................................................................................................................................... 15
1.16 Chemische opslag ................................................................................................................................................... 15
2. ACHTERGROND DUURZAME ONTWIKKELING ...................................................................................................................... 16
2.1 PPP................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.1.1People (sociale)....................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.1.2Planet (ecologisch) .................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.1.3Profit/ prosperity (economisch, welvaart) .............................................................................................................. 16
2.2 GESCHIEDENIS ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 Club van Rome (’72) ............................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.2 Brundtland commissie (’87) ................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.3Earth Summit (’92) .................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.2.4 Kyoto (’97) ............................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.2.5 Earth summit Johannesburg (‘02) .......................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.6 Start UN decade on education for sustainable development (’05)........................................................................ 17
2.2.7 Climate conference Copenhagen (’09) .................................................................................................................. 17
2.2.8 EU 2020 strategie (’10) .......................................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.9 Revisie van Milleniumdoelen van de VN (’10) ....................................................................................................... 17
2.2.10 Earth summit Rio De Janeiro (’12) ....................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.11 Klimaattop Parijs (’15) ......................................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.12Klimaattop Katowice (’18) .................................................................................................................................... 17
3.BEGRIPPEN ............................................................................................................................................................................ 17
3.1 Verborgen impact .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Ecologische voetafdruk .................................................................................................................................................. 17
3.3 Carbon footprint ............................................................................................................................................................ 17
3.4 Donut economie ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
3.5 Peak oil of Hubbert peak ............................................................................................................................................... 18
3.6 Schaliegas ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.7 Protein dilemma ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
3.8 Plastic soup .................................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.10 Prisoners dilemma ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.11 Rebound effect (R.E.)(Jevons paradox)........................................................................................................................ 19
3.12 Lineaire economie ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.13 Exponentiële groei ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
, 3.14 Closing the loop ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.15 Circulaire economie ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.16 Cradle to cradle (C2C) .................................................................................................................................................. 20
3.17 Pay per lux ................................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.18 BIOBASED MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 20
3.18.1 Biobased en biodegradeerbare plastics ............................................................................................................... 21
3.19 Life Cycle Assessment .................................................................................................................................................. 21
3.20 Trias Energetica ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
3.21 Carbon bubble ............................................................................................................................................................. 22
3.22 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) ........................................................................................................................... 22
3.23 IPCC ............................................................................................................................................................................. 22
4. KLIMAAT ............................................................................................................................................................................... 23
4.1 Broeikaseffect ................................................................................................................................................................ 23
4.1.1 Broeikasgassen ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
4.1.2 Permafrost ............................................................................................................................................................. 23
4.2 CO2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 24
4.2.1 CO2 in atmosfeer .................................................................................................................................................... 24
4.2.2 IJStijden.................................................................................................................................................................. 24
4.2.3 CO2 (sinks) op land ................................................................................................................................................. 25
4.2.4 Carbon capture and storage (CCS) ......................................................................................................................... 25
4.2.5 CO2 (sinks) in oceanen ........................................................................................................................................... 25
4.3 Gevolgen temperatuurstijging ....................................................................................................................................... 26
4.4 smeltend ijs ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.4.1 Noordpool (drijfijs) ................................................................................................................................................ 26
4.4.2 Groenland .............................................................................................................................................................. 26
4.5 Geo-engineering ............................................................................................................................................................ 27
4.5.1 voorbeelden ........................................................................................................................................................... 27
5. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) met Solidworks (SW) ............................................................................................................... 28
6. OEFENINGEN ........................................................................................................................................................................ 28
