IB Psychology - Notes for
Criminology
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Katerina Contreras
02.10.2020.
PSYCHOLOGY
___
Criminology
Key Terms: Traffic Lights
Term Before We Begin End of Unit End of the Course
(Year 2)
Aggression
Amygdala
Culture of Honor
Decision making
fMRI
Heritability
Impulsive behaviour
MAOA gene
Mindfulness
Modeling
MRI
MZ and DZ twins
Neuron
Neuroplasticity
Prefrontal cortex
Serotonin
Social dominance
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Social threat
Stress response
System one and two
processing
Testosterone
Triadic reciprocal
determinism
vmPFC
Topic 1: The Brain and Behaviour
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How can damage to the brain affect our thinking and behavior?
Lesson (a): The Frontal Lobe
Key Questions 1. What is one function of the frontal lobe?
2. How does Phineas Gage’s case show that damage to the frontal
lobe can affect behavior?
3. Are there any alternative explanations for Gage’s change in
behavior?
Are criminals born or made? Is it “nature” or “nurture”?
Nature/Internal:
- Genetics, brain function, hormones, other biological factors, personality
Nurture/External:
- Parenting, peer influences, media exposure (e.g. watching TV), socioeconomic status, etc.
Charles Whitman
· Killed his mother and hours later (after much thought) killed his wife, Kathy.
· Drove to the University of Texas, killed the receptionist, climbed up the tower with his sniper
rifle, and began taking aim at innocent people around the campus.
· 14 people in total
· 30 other people injured
· Possible reason for doing it:
He probably wanted to gain back control of his life, and seeing as his father had been violent
in order to pose control over the family, Charles may have subconsciously decided to replicate his
father’s behavior.
Phineas Gage
· Example of post-traumatic personality change
· Was a railroad worker who was putting dynamite into rocks.
· He used a six-foot bar to pound the dynamite powder into the rocks, and when it ignited, it
fired up through his left eye socket, through the top of his skull, and landed 50ft away.
· He survived, but his personality changed completely:
- He would be hatefully rude to women around him, and went from being a rather
mild-mannered man to “no longer Gage”.
How does Phineas Gage’s case show that damage to the frontal lobe can affect behavior?
- “When the frontal lobe is functioning normally it acts like a “break” on our impulsive
behaviour.”
By damaging the frontal lobe, he changed as a person and wasn’t allowed to be close to women, as
he was extremely rude to them and didn’t regulate his actions.
Are there any alternative explanations for the results from Gage’s study?
- Possible PTSD
- Possibly self-conscious and wanted to protect himself against being treated like a charity
case.
- An extreme change in lifestyle (physical or psychological pain).
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Criminology
written by
katerinacontreras
www.stuvia.com
Downloaded by: katerinacontreras | Want to earn
Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
Katerina Contreras
02.10.2020.
PSYCHOLOGY
___
Criminology
Key Terms: Traffic Lights
Term Before We Begin End of Unit End of the Course
(Year 2)
Aggression
Amygdala
Culture of Honor
Decision making
fMRI
Heritability
Impulsive behaviour
MAOA gene
Mindfulness
Modeling
MRI
MZ and DZ twins
Neuron
Neuroplasticity
Prefrontal cortex
Serotonin
Social dominance
Downloaded by: katerinacontreras | Want to earn
Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
Social threat
Stress response
System one and two
processing
Testosterone
Triadic reciprocal
determinism
vmPFC
Topic 1: The Brain and Behaviour
Downloaded by: katerinacontreras | Want to earn
Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
How can damage to the brain affect our thinking and behavior?
Lesson (a): The Frontal Lobe
Key Questions 1. What is one function of the frontal lobe?
2. How does Phineas Gage’s case show that damage to the frontal
lobe can affect behavior?
3. Are there any alternative explanations for Gage’s change in
behavior?
Are criminals born or made? Is it “nature” or “nurture”?
Nature/Internal:
- Genetics, brain function, hormones, other biological factors, personality
Nurture/External:
- Parenting, peer influences, media exposure (e.g. watching TV), socioeconomic status, etc.
Charles Whitman
· Killed his mother and hours later (after much thought) killed his wife, Kathy.
· Drove to the University of Texas, killed the receptionist, climbed up the tower with his sniper
rifle, and began taking aim at innocent people around the campus.
· 14 people in total
· 30 other people injured
· Possible reason for doing it:
He probably wanted to gain back control of his life, and seeing as his father had been violent
in order to pose control over the family, Charles may have subconsciously decided to replicate his
father’s behavior.
Phineas Gage
· Example of post-traumatic personality change
· Was a railroad worker who was putting dynamite into rocks.
· He used a six-foot bar to pound the dynamite powder into the rocks, and when it ignited, it
fired up through his left eye socket, through the top of his skull, and landed 50ft away.
· He survived, but his personality changed completely:
- He would be hatefully rude to women around him, and went from being a rather
mild-mannered man to “no longer Gage”.
How does Phineas Gage’s case show that damage to the frontal lobe can affect behavior?
- “When the frontal lobe is functioning normally it acts like a “break” on our impulsive
behaviour.”
By damaging the frontal lobe, he changed as a person and wasn’t allowed to be close to women, as
he was extremely rude to them and didn’t regulate his actions.
Are there any alternative explanations for the results from Gage’s study?
- Possible PTSD
- Possibly self-conscious and wanted to protect himself against being treated like a charity
case.
- An extreme change in lifestyle (physical or psychological pain).
Downloaded by: katerinacontreras | Want to earn
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