Portage Learning NURS 231 Pathophysiology 2022 Module 9 Exam Q4 UPDATE

Portage Learning NURS 231 Pathophysiology 2022 Module 9 Exam Question 1 Define endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine. Your Answer: Endocrine - hormones that are release into circulation to act on a target organ. Paracrine - hormones act on cells close to where they are released. Autocrine - hormones produce an action biologically on the cell that released them. Answer: Endocrine: Hormones are released to circulation to act on a target organ (i.e. TSH, ADH) Paracrine: Hormones act locally on cells close to where they are released (i.e. estrogen and testosterone) Autocrine: Hormones produce a biologic action on the cell that released them (i.e. insulin) Question 2 What are the different structural types of hormones? Your Answer: Amines and amino acids; peptides and proteins; steroids. Answer: (1) amines and amino acids; (2) peptides and proteins; and (3) steroids, which are made from cholesterol Question 3 What is the function of the hypothalamus? Your Answer: The hypothalamus works with the pituitary gland to control the functions of other endocrine glands. Homeostasis, body temperature, hunger, behavior, emotion, and pain are regulated by the hypothalamus. It also produces releasing hormones which will stimulate the pituitary gland to release stimulating hormones. Answer: The hypothalamus serves to link the nervous system to the endocrine system. It regulates homeostasis, body temperature, hunger, behavior, emotion, and pain. The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones, which stimulate the pituitary to release stimulating hormones. Question 4 What is the role of the pituitary gland? Your Answer: The pituitary gland stimulates target organs to secrete their hormones. It is known as the master gland. Answer: The pituitary gland is known as the “master gland,” since it stimulates target organs to secrete their hormones.