STI II Final Exam With Complete Solutions.

Some examples of Hoffa massage techniques would include: rolling, tapotement and fingertip kneading urage, petrissage, and tapotement ion techniques mic compression, trigger point release urage, petrissage, and tapotement Which of the following could be described as a technique that incorporates gentle sequences of movement that would allow for slow deliberate changing of abnormal inefficient movement patterns into normal, efficient movements? a. Myofasical Release b. CT Massage c. Feldenkrais Method d. PNF c. Feldenkrais Method Which of the following is an example of dense irregular connective tissue is: a. Ligamentus nuchae b. Glenohumeral joint capsule c.Superficial fascial sheaths d.Achilles tendon b. Glenohumeral joint capsule Which of the following is NOT true regarding collagen synthesis? a. Collagen synthesis begins by the absorption of an amino acid b. During synthesis strands of protocollagen are linked in a triple helix loop. c. Collagen synthesis takes place in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the fibrocytes. d. When the tropocollagens are released from the cell they link in series and parallel to form collagen fibrils. c. Collagen synthesis takes place in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the fibrocytes. Which of the following is true of mast cells? a. They constantly secrete histamine, a vasodilator b. They are responsible for phagocytosing waste product. c. When disrupted, they release heparin, an anticoagulant d. They are formed primarily in loose connective tissue. d. They are formed primarily in loose connective tissue. The principle of biotensegrity is partially represented by which of the following? a. Ligaments holding bones together b. Compressive forces resisted by muscle c. Tensile forces distributed through bone d. Fascia absorbing tensile forces d. Fascia absorbing tensile forces Which of the following is NOT true regarding fibroblasts: a. Synthesize collagen, ground substance, elastin and reticulin b. Respond to stress with proliferation c. Synthesize collagen, ground substance and eosinophils d. Are considered fixed cells within connective tissue c. Synthesize collagen, ground substance and eosinophils The goal of structural integration or Rolfing is to: a. use of oscillations to restore mobility and function b. restore balance and harmony of movement c. reduce pain and swelling d. apply superficial techniques to the skin and subcutaneous tissue to restore circulation b. restore balance and harmony of movement Which of the following is true about ground substance? a. It can be replenished by mast cells after tissue is re-mobilized with movement b. It maintains a "critical interfiber distance" between collagen fibers to prevent restrictions/adhesions c. It can start to dry up in 4-6 weeks following immobilization d. It is used to for rejuvenation, elimination and production b. It maintains a "critical interfiber distance" between collagen fibers to prevent restrictions/adhesions Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding junctional zones? a. Myotendinous junctional zones are rarely sites of injury b. The tendon-bone junction sustains greater forces due to forces generated by the muscle than ligament-bone. c. There are two types of insertions identified in literature: direct and indirect. d. The junctional zones of ligament, tendon and capsule are relatively avascular compared with tissue on either side of the zone. a. Myotendinous junctional zones are rarely sites of injury Which of the following is a result of soft tissue immobilization? a. initial significant loss of collagen content b. loss of sarcomeres and GAG c. loss of collagen and elastin d. loss of collagen and water b. loss of sarcomeres and GAG According to the study of Akeson et. al, which of the following is a response to immobilization of CT? a. GAG content is increased when force and movement do not occur b. GAG turnover (half-life) is slower than collagen half-life is an increase of hexomine content in the meniscus and articular cartilage of the immobilized joint d. there is no initial change in the total collagen content d. there is no initial change in the total collagen content According to Tabery in his cat study, when tissue is immobilized in a shortened position, ____% of sarcomeres are lost compared to 19% when immobilized in a lengthened position. 50% 40% 30% 20% 40% Which of the following GAG are responsible for tissue lubrication? a. chondroitin-4-sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate?? b. keratin sulfate c. dermatin sulfate d. hyaluronic acid d. hyaluronic acid Which of the following is involved in the cycle of fibrosis and has the ability to contract? a. collagen b. myofibroblast c. elastin d. macrophages b. myofibroblast Meissner Corpuscles are: a. are the most peripheral of all sensory receptors b. found in the fibrous joint capsule c. higher in density in glabrous (hairless) skin like the palms of the hands ed in hairy skin c. higher in density in glabrous (hairless) skin like the palms of the hands Golgi tendon organs are: a. extremely sensitive to changes in tension of connective tissue b. located in striated muscle c. responsible for transducing both rapid and slow change in muscle length d. have specialized transducers called nuclear chain fibers a. extremely sensitive to changes in tension of connective tissue Static Nuclear bag spindles do which of the following? a. transduce rapid changes in muscle length b. terminate on all three types of intrafusal fibers. c. transduce information about slower changes in muscle length d. transduce tonic information about spindle length d. transduce tonic information about spindle length Which of the following apply to Thixotrophy? a. It is a neurophysiological properity of muscle and other tissues resulting in stiffness b. It is a physical properity of all tissues resulting in stiffness c. A tissue property that is time dependent c. A tissue property that is time dependent Which of the following is MOST true regarding fibromyalgia? a. Affects both men and women between the ages of 20-50 equally b. Can be cured by sleep medication and low-intensity aerobic exercise c. May be caused by hypersensitivity of the central nervous system d. Produces a positive rheumatological work-up c. May be caused by hypersensitivity of the central nervous system Which of the following is true regarding myofascial pain syndrome? a. Can develop into Fibromyalgia if not detected and treated early b. Seen mostly in people between the ages of 30-40 who are inactive c. Local tenderness as well as widespread pain throughout the body d. Trigger points found equally in both men and women d. Trigger points found equally in both men and women Which of the following is NOT an effective treatment for trigger points? a. analgesic injection such as lidocaine b. dry needling c. spray and stretch d. steroid injection such as cortisone d. steroid injection such as cortisone Which of the following is NOT characteristic of LATENT trigger points? a. A latent trigger point is constantly producing pain b. A latent trigger point causes muscle stiffness and restricts ROM c. A latent trigger point causes vasoconstriction as an autonomic affect. d.A latent trigger point disturbs motor function a. A latent trigger point is constantly producing pain