IT GOVERNANCE
Contents
0. Praktisch .................................................................................................................................. 4
1. Hoofdstuk 1: Enterprise Governance of IT (EGIT), alignment, and value ...................................... 4
1.1. Enterprise Governance of IT .............................................................................................. 4
1.1.1. Problem statement around digital mastery ................................................................ 4
1.2. Het model van Westerman................................................................................................ 4
1.3. Transformation approaches in digital mastery ................................................................... 5
1.4. Operating model in digital mastery .................................................................................... 5
1.5. Main conclusion of this course .......................................................................................... 5
1.6. CASE: The new CIO............................................................................................................ 6
1.7. Role & value of IT .............................................................................................................. 6
1.8. Competitive forces (Porter) ............................................................................................... 6
1.9. Value chain (Porter) .......................................................................................................... 7
1.10. SAMENVATTEND: Role of IT: innovation-reliability (Nolan/McFarlan) .................................. 7
2. Hoofdstuk 3: Business and IT strategy alignment ....................................................................... 8
2.1. Henderson and Venkatraman - Strategic Alignment Model (SAM) ...................................... 8
2.2. Alignment in multi-business organiziations (Reynolds & Yetton) ......................................... 9
2.3. Measuring Business/IT alignment ...................................................................................... 9
2.3.1. The Matching and Moderation Approach ................................................................... 9
2.3.2. The Profile Deviation Approach ................................................................................ 10
2.4. Organizational Alignment - The Maturity Model Approach (Luftman) ............................... 10
2.5. Project Alignment ........................................................................................................... 11
2.5.1. The scoring approach............................................................................................... 11
2.6. Strategy Alignment ......................................................................................................... 12
2.7. De relatie tussen EGIT en Business/IT alignment .............................................................. 12
2.8. Conceptualiseren van Business/IT alignment ................................................................... 12
2.8.1. Belang van een multidimensionale visie van Business/IT Alignment .......................... 12
2.9. Sociaal Business/IT alignment.......................................................................................... 13
3. Hoofdstuk 2: Enterprise Governance of IT (EGIT) (linkerkant model) ........................................ 13
3.1. Genesis and Evolution of EGIT ......................................................................................... 13
3.1.1. The initial Stages of Academic Research into the Governance of IT............................ 13
3.2. Key questions to ask (bij managementcontrole gaat het over deze 4 vragen) .................... 15
3.3. Implementing Enterprise Governance of IT ...................................................................... 15
3.3.1. Example EGIT structures .......................................................................................... 16
3.3.2. Case UA – EGIT Structures........................................................................................ 17
3.3.3. Example EGIT Structures: Case Bank......................................................................... 17
3.3.4. Example EGIT structures: roles & responsibilities ...................................................... 17
3.3.5. Example EGIT Structures: the bi-modal challenge ..................................................... 18
3.3.6. Composition of the IT Budget................................................................................... 18
, 3.3.7. Example EGIT processes........................................................................................... 18
3.3.8. Example EGIT relational mechanisms ....................................................................... 18
3.4. Case Study: EGIT at KLM .................................................................................................. 19
3.4.1. KLM’s Trigger Points to Start the EGIT Journey ......................................................... 19
3.4.2. Embarking on the EGIT Journey................................................................................ 19
3.4.3. Governance Principles And Practices ........................................................................ 19
3.4.4. Mirror roles ............................................................................................................. 20
3.4.5. Portfolio Management............................................................................................. 20
3.4.6. Lessons Learned from KLM’s EGIT Journey ................................................................ 20
3.5. EGIT Capita Selecta ......................................................................................................... 21
3.5.1. Board-Level EGIT...................................................................................................... 21
3.5.2. Inter-organizational Governance of IT ....................................................................... 21
3.5.3. Ambidexterity .......................................................................................................... 21
3.5.4. Viable EGIT .............................................................................................................. 22
4. Hoofdstuk 5: Best-practice guidance for EGIT (COBIT).............................................................. 23
4.1. Introducing the COBIT 2019 Framework .......................................................................... 23
4.2. COBIT 2019 Principles ..................................................................................................... 24
4.2.1. Provide Stakeholder Value: Strategic Alignment and Balanced Scorecard .................. 24
4.2.2. Dynamic Governance System: Evolutionary Dynamics ............................................... 25
4.2.3. Governance Distinct from Management: ISO/IEC 38500 ............................................ 25
4.2.4. Tailored to Enterprise Needs: Contingency Analysis ................................................... 25
4.2.5. End-to-End Governance System: IT Savviness ............................................................ 26
4.2.6. Holistic Approach: Organizational Systems ............................................................... 26
4.2.7. Governance components ......................................................................................... 34
4.3. COBIT 2019: Performance Management .......................................................................... 36
4.4. Scoping and Applying: Turning selected COBIT guidance into practice .............................. 38
4.4.1. Example EDM .......................................................................................................... 38
4.4.2. Example EDM @ KBC ............................................................................................... 38
4.4.3. Example @ KLM ...................................................................................................... 39
4.4.4. APO5.3 .................................................................................................................... 39
4.4.5. APO5.3@ KBC.......................................................................................................... 39
5. Bringing it all together: IT/digital strategy roadmap ................................................................. 39
5.1. Key management questions ............................................................................................ 39
5.2. Business Scorecard (BSC) as an instrument towards business strategies ........................... 40
5.3. BSC as an instrument towards digital mastery .................................................................. 40
5.3.1. Corporate Contribution............................................................................................ 40
5.3.2. User Orientation...................................................................................................... 41
5.3.3. Operational Excellence ............................................................................................ 41
5.3.4. Future orientation ................................................................................................... 41
6. Synthese van het vak .............................................................................................................. 43
7. Examen .................................................................................................................................. 44
7.1. Voorbeeldvragen ............................................................................................................ 44
Contents
0. Praktisch .................................................................................................................................. 4
1. Hoofdstuk 1: Enterprise Governance of IT (EGIT), alignment, and value ...................................... 4
1.1. Enterprise Governance of IT .............................................................................................. 4
1.1.1. Problem statement around digital mastery ................................................................ 4
1.2. Het model van Westerman................................................................................................ 4
1.3. Transformation approaches in digital mastery ................................................................... 5
1.4. Operating model in digital mastery .................................................................................... 5
1.5. Main conclusion of this course .......................................................................................... 5
1.6. CASE: The new CIO............................................................................................................ 6
1.7. Role & value of IT .............................................................................................................. 6
1.8. Competitive forces (Porter) ............................................................................................... 6
1.9. Value chain (Porter) .......................................................................................................... 7
1.10. SAMENVATTEND: Role of IT: innovation-reliability (Nolan/McFarlan) .................................. 7
2. Hoofdstuk 3: Business and IT strategy alignment ....................................................................... 8
2.1. Henderson and Venkatraman - Strategic Alignment Model (SAM) ...................................... 8
2.2. Alignment in multi-business organiziations (Reynolds & Yetton) ......................................... 9
2.3. Measuring Business/IT alignment ...................................................................................... 9
2.3.1. The Matching and Moderation Approach ................................................................... 9
2.3.2. The Profile Deviation Approach ................................................................................ 10
2.4. Organizational Alignment - The Maturity Model Approach (Luftman) ............................... 10
2.5. Project Alignment ........................................................................................................... 11
2.5.1. The scoring approach............................................................................................... 11
2.6. Strategy Alignment ......................................................................................................... 12
2.7. De relatie tussen EGIT en Business/IT alignment .............................................................. 12
2.8. Conceptualiseren van Business/IT alignment ................................................................... 12
2.8.1. Belang van een multidimensionale visie van Business/IT Alignment .......................... 12
2.9. Sociaal Business/IT alignment.......................................................................................... 13
3. Hoofdstuk 2: Enterprise Governance of IT (EGIT) (linkerkant model) ........................................ 13
3.1. Genesis and Evolution of EGIT ......................................................................................... 13
3.1.1. The initial Stages of Academic Research into the Governance of IT............................ 13
3.2. Key questions to ask (bij managementcontrole gaat het over deze 4 vragen) .................... 15
3.3. Implementing Enterprise Governance of IT ...................................................................... 15
3.3.1. Example EGIT structures .......................................................................................... 16
3.3.2. Case UA – EGIT Structures........................................................................................ 17
3.3.3. Example EGIT Structures: Case Bank......................................................................... 17
3.3.4. Example EGIT structures: roles & responsibilities ...................................................... 17
3.3.5. Example EGIT Structures: the bi-modal challenge ..................................................... 18
3.3.6. Composition of the IT Budget................................................................................... 18
, 3.3.7. Example EGIT processes........................................................................................... 18
3.3.8. Example EGIT relational mechanisms ....................................................................... 18
3.4. Case Study: EGIT at KLM .................................................................................................. 19
3.4.1. KLM’s Trigger Points to Start the EGIT Journey ......................................................... 19
3.4.2. Embarking on the EGIT Journey................................................................................ 19
3.4.3. Governance Principles And Practices ........................................................................ 19
3.4.4. Mirror roles ............................................................................................................. 20
3.4.5. Portfolio Management............................................................................................. 20
3.4.6. Lessons Learned from KLM’s EGIT Journey ................................................................ 20
3.5. EGIT Capita Selecta ......................................................................................................... 21
3.5.1. Board-Level EGIT...................................................................................................... 21
3.5.2. Inter-organizational Governance of IT ....................................................................... 21
3.5.3. Ambidexterity .......................................................................................................... 21
3.5.4. Viable EGIT .............................................................................................................. 22
4. Hoofdstuk 5: Best-practice guidance for EGIT (COBIT).............................................................. 23
4.1. Introducing the COBIT 2019 Framework .......................................................................... 23
4.2. COBIT 2019 Principles ..................................................................................................... 24
4.2.1. Provide Stakeholder Value: Strategic Alignment and Balanced Scorecard .................. 24
4.2.2. Dynamic Governance System: Evolutionary Dynamics ............................................... 25
4.2.3. Governance Distinct from Management: ISO/IEC 38500 ............................................ 25
4.2.4. Tailored to Enterprise Needs: Contingency Analysis ................................................... 25
4.2.5. End-to-End Governance System: IT Savviness ............................................................ 26
4.2.6. Holistic Approach: Organizational Systems ............................................................... 26
4.2.7. Governance components ......................................................................................... 34
4.3. COBIT 2019: Performance Management .......................................................................... 36
4.4. Scoping and Applying: Turning selected COBIT guidance into practice .............................. 38
4.4.1. Example EDM .......................................................................................................... 38
4.4.2. Example EDM @ KBC ............................................................................................... 38
4.4.3. Example @ KLM ...................................................................................................... 39
4.4.4. APO5.3 .................................................................................................................... 39
4.4.5. APO5.3@ KBC.......................................................................................................... 39
5. Bringing it all together: IT/digital strategy roadmap ................................................................. 39
5.1. Key management questions ............................................................................................ 39
5.2. Business Scorecard (BSC) as an instrument towards business strategies ........................... 40
5.3. BSC as an instrument towards digital mastery .................................................................. 40
5.3.1. Corporate Contribution............................................................................................ 40
5.3.2. User Orientation...................................................................................................... 41
5.3.3. Operational Excellence ............................................................................................ 41
5.3.4. Future orientation ................................................................................................... 41
6. Synthese van het vak .............................................................................................................. 43
7. Examen .................................................................................................................................. 44
7.1. Voorbeeldvragen ............................................................................................................ 44
