Summary Year 12 AQA A-level Chemistry Quick Revision

Year 12 AQA A-level Chemistry Quick Revision

Aldehydes and Ketones
 Ethanol reacts with Tollens reagent to form silver
 CH3CH2BR + NACN and hydrolysis of resulting product gives propanoic acid
 CH3CH2CH2OH with mild oxidation gives propanal which gives silver mirror
 Effervescence with sodium carbonate shows presence of a COOH


Isomerism
Geometric isomerism to be shown you require two different functional groups and restricted
rotation around C=C double bond


Transforming compounds
 Ethanol dehydrated to ethane you need H2SO4
 Alkene to bromoalkane its electrophilic addition
 Bromoalkane to Alcohol its Nucleophilic substitution
 Alcohol to ketone/aldehyde its oxidation
 For alcohol to ketone you need potassium dichromate concentrated in sulphuric acid
and heated under reflux to ensure proper heating


Mass spectrometry
How are ions formed in TOF?

-Substances is bombarded by fast moving e- which knock off e- off the sample creating
positively charged ions

-Necessary to ionise as ions will be accelerated by the electric field and only ions will
produce a current when hitting the receiver of the back plate


Oxidation states
 Best oxidant is when thing is in highest oxidation state
 Best reluctant is when thing is in lowest oxidation state
 Increase in oxidation state indicates how many of substances outer e- are involved in
bonding to other substance