European Union Law
Lecture 0
direct impact of EU law on you?
• travelling within EU
• ordering things online
• EU prices
• studying at the same price s dutch students in the netherlands
prior knowledge which could be useful for this course?
• MTLR?
• global law I or II
• public international law
• convergence of eu laws
what aspect will be di erent
• history
• in depth
• Treaties
What will you learn
• How EU law produced
• How applied
• what speci c norms regulate
• How have these norms evolved in case laws of CJEU
• why actions are available
1 of 337
fi ff
,Reading 1
VIDEO 1: WHATS THE EU? HOW DOES IT WORK?
• What is the European Union?
• What are the current legal foundations of the EU?
• What is the European Union?
• The EU is an International Organization (IO), like ...
• Created by a Treaty (International Law) ...
• ... To achieve speci c goals / to perform speci c tasks ...
• ...Equipped with the necessary design (powers, institutions) to achieve those goals/
tasks
• The EU has a regional nature
• But it is not the only IO in the European Region…Which is the other?
• CoE 47 States (EU 27)
What is the relation between the EU and the CoE?
• → is another IO with a regional nature
• all EU Member States (MS) are member of the CoE
• European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR, 1950) → International Treaty,
catalogue of civil political rights
• European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
→ compulsory Supranational Court interpreting the ECHR, sitting in Strasbourg)
What are the current legal foundations of the EU?
• EU PRIMARY LEGAL SOURCES
• How does the EU work? (institutions, goals, principles, policy areas)
• How can the EU validly produce and enforce legal norms?
• The EU is currently based on ...
- The Lisbon Treaty (2 Treaties – same legal value )
2 of 337
fi fi
, - Signed: 13 December 2007 - Entered into force: 1 December 2009
- Treaty on European Union(TEU)
- Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
- + Protocols to the Treaty of Lisbon (1-37)
- Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR)
What are the current legal foundations of the EU?
• The EU is based on ... The Lisbon Treaty (2 Treaties – same legal value )
• TEU: General provisions
- (Democratic principles, EU principles, Institutions, Enhanced cooperation,
External action)
• TFEU: Speci c provisions
- (Rules on EU competences, Functioning of: Institutions, EU citizenship, Policies,
Decision making)
• +Protocols to the Treaty of Lisbon(1-37)
- Legal Value? As “footnotes”, interpretative tools
• CFR: written Bill of Rights for the EU
• Currently same value as the Treaty see art 6 (1) TEU ...
EU PRIMARY LAW
• Catalogue of Rights in the EU?
• The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR)
• Created in 2000 → it became HARD LAW with the Lisbon Treaty Outcome of a
process of “Codi cation”
• BEFORE the CFR?
• already individual rights in CJEU’s Case Law
• BEFORE the LISBON TREATY?
• CFR used as soft law (interpretative tool)
• SCOPE OF APPLICATION
• The CFR applies only when* EU law is applicable (for instance, when MS implement
EU LAW)
- see art 51 CFR
Is there a relation between EU law and the ECHR?
• The European Convention on Human Rights is NOT EU LAW !
• Future Accession (?), see art 6 (2) TEU
• Fundamental Rights as guaranteed in the ECHR and in MS constitutional system are
general principles of EU Law
• Interpretation Charter Fundamental Rights must not lowering the standards of
protection provided by the ECHR, see art 53 CFR
—> CFR —> ECHR
EU = International organisation created by states
3 of 337
fi fi
, VIDEO 2: ORIGINS AND DRIVERS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
The ‘EU’ project 1/4
• How did we get here?
• ORIGINS and DRIVERS of EU integration
• The two faces of Nationalism
• 19th century
- Uni cation Nation States (Germany- Italy)
- NATIONALISM
- (push towards uni cation; prior boundaries ... too small!)
• 20th century
- National Con icts on a world scale: WWI and WWII
- Goal : Long-Lasting Peace
- Strategy: Supranational
- 1945 UN → International level
- 1950 ECHR → Supranational Regional Level
The ‘EU’ project 2/4
• How did we get here?
• ORIGINS and DRIVERS of EU integration
• 1951 European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
- 6 MS (DE-FR-IT-BE-NL-LU)
- supranational management of strategic resources
• 1950-4 European Defense Community (EDC)
- European Political Community (EPC)
- Common foreign policy / European legislative body (Federation)
- FAILED !!!
• 1957 European Economic Community (EEC) – Treaty of Rome
- European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom)
- 6 MS (DE-FR-IT-BE-NL-LU)
The ‘EU’ project 3/4
• European Economic Community (EEC)
- 1957 EEC Treaty signed / 1958 ECC Treaty in force
• GOAL? —> GRADUAL CREATION OF COMMON MARKET (area in which economic
factors can ow freely)
• HOW?
- Common Custom Tari
- Gradual Removal of internal Barriers to Trade (No tari s, No quotas)
- Circulation of Economic factors: 4 FREEDOMS
- (Goods, Workers, Capital, Services)
• WHY?
• NEOFUNCTIONALISM: Common Market > Interconnectedness > Spill-over e ect >
Gradual Integration > Political integration
4 of 337
fi
flfl fi ff ff ff
Lecture 0
direct impact of EU law on you?
• travelling within EU
• ordering things online
• EU prices
• studying at the same price s dutch students in the netherlands
prior knowledge which could be useful for this course?
• MTLR?
• global law I or II
• public international law
• convergence of eu laws
what aspect will be di erent
• history
• in depth
• Treaties
What will you learn
• How EU law produced
• How applied
• what speci c norms regulate
• How have these norms evolved in case laws of CJEU
• why actions are available
1 of 337
fi ff
,Reading 1
VIDEO 1: WHATS THE EU? HOW DOES IT WORK?
• What is the European Union?
• What are the current legal foundations of the EU?
• What is the European Union?
• The EU is an International Organization (IO), like ...
• Created by a Treaty (International Law) ...
• ... To achieve speci c goals / to perform speci c tasks ...
• ...Equipped with the necessary design (powers, institutions) to achieve those goals/
tasks
• The EU has a regional nature
• But it is not the only IO in the European Region…Which is the other?
• CoE 47 States (EU 27)
What is the relation between the EU and the CoE?
• → is another IO with a regional nature
• all EU Member States (MS) are member of the CoE
• European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR, 1950) → International Treaty,
catalogue of civil political rights
• European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
→ compulsory Supranational Court interpreting the ECHR, sitting in Strasbourg)
What are the current legal foundations of the EU?
• EU PRIMARY LEGAL SOURCES
• How does the EU work? (institutions, goals, principles, policy areas)
• How can the EU validly produce and enforce legal norms?
• The EU is currently based on ...
- The Lisbon Treaty (2 Treaties – same legal value )
2 of 337
fi fi
, - Signed: 13 December 2007 - Entered into force: 1 December 2009
- Treaty on European Union(TEU)
- Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
- + Protocols to the Treaty of Lisbon (1-37)
- Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR)
What are the current legal foundations of the EU?
• The EU is based on ... The Lisbon Treaty (2 Treaties – same legal value )
• TEU: General provisions
- (Democratic principles, EU principles, Institutions, Enhanced cooperation,
External action)
• TFEU: Speci c provisions
- (Rules on EU competences, Functioning of: Institutions, EU citizenship, Policies,
Decision making)
• +Protocols to the Treaty of Lisbon(1-37)
- Legal Value? As “footnotes”, interpretative tools
• CFR: written Bill of Rights for the EU
• Currently same value as the Treaty see art 6 (1) TEU ...
EU PRIMARY LAW
• Catalogue of Rights in the EU?
• The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR)
• Created in 2000 → it became HARD LAW with the Lisbon Treaty Outcome of a
process of “Codi cation”
• BEFORE the CFR?
• already individual rights in CJEU’s Case Law
• BEFORE the LISBON TREATY?
• CFR used as soft law (interpretative tool)
• SCOPE OF APPLICATION
• The CFR applies only when* EU law is applicable (for instance, when MS implement
EU LAW)
- see art 51 CFR
Is there a relation between EU law and the ECHR?
• The European Convention on Human Rights is NOT EU LAW !
• Future Accession (?), see art 6 (2) TEU
• Fundamental Rights as guaranteed in the ECHR and in MS constitutional system are
general principles of EU Law
• Interpretation Charter Fundamental Rights must not lowering the standards of
protection provided by the ECHR, see art 53 CFR
—> CFR —> ECHR
EU = International organisation created by states
3 of 337
fi fi
, VIDEO 2: ORIGINS AND DRIVERS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
The ‘EU’ project 1/4
• How did we get here?
• ORIGINS and DRIVERS of EU integration
• The two faces of Nationalism
• 19th century
- Uni cation Nation States (Germany- Italy)
- NATIONALISM
- (push towards uni cation; prior boundaries ... too small!)
• 20th century
- National Con icts on a world scale: WWI and WWII
- Goal : Long-Lasting Peace
- Strategy: Supranational
- 1945 UN → International level
- 1950 ECHR → Supranational Regional Level
The ‘EU’ project 2/4
• How did we get here?
• ORIGINS and DRIVERS of EU integration
• 1951 European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
- 6 MS (DE-FR-IT-BE-NL-LU)
- supranational management of strategic resources
• 1950-4 European Defense Community (EDC)
- European Political Community (EPC)
- Common foreign policy / European legislative body (Federation)
- FAILED !!!
• 1957 European Economic Community (EEC) – Treaty of Rome
- European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom)
- 6 MS (DE-FR-IT-BE-NL-LU)
The ‘EU’ project 3/4
• European Economic Community (EEC)
- 1957 EEC Treaty signed / 1958 ECC Treaty in force
• GOAL? —> GRADUAL CREATION OF COMMON MARKET (area in which economic
factors can ow freely)
• HOW?
- Common Custom Tari
- Gradual Removal of internal Barriers to Trade (No tari s, No quotas)
- Circulation of Economic factors: 4 FREEDOMS
- (Goods, Workers, Capital, Services)
• WHY?
• NEOFUNCTIONALISM: Common Market > Interconnectedness > Spill-over e ect >
Gradual Integration > Political integration
4 of 337
fi
flfl fi ff ff ff
