Test Bank
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The primary means through which a profession advances its knowledge base is through which of the
following?
A. Professional conferences
B. Networking with other professionals
C. Research Process
D. Well-established tradition
E. Strong beliefs held by those in positions of authority
2. While the term "research" may have many definitions, the following characteristic is normally present in
all such definitions?
A. Research focuses on attempting to answer a question of interest.
B. Statistics and research are synonymous
C. Experimental treatment is a fundamental aspect of all research
D. Results from research ensures infallible conclusions
E. Research represents the only credible means of acquiring knowledge
3. Which of the following does not represent one of the stages inherent to the scientific method of inquiry?
A. Formulating a hypothesis
B. Developing a research plan
C. Identifying the question
D. Collecting and analyzing the data
E. Designing effective curricular materials
4. A type of reasoning that is considered a fundamental principle of scientific inquiry in which thinking
proceeds from the specific to the general is called what?
A. Deduction
B. Induction
C. Syllogism
D. Rationalization
E. Hypothesizing
5. Although there are various types of research classifications, the type of research approach one selects for
a given study primarily depends upon:
A. The skills of the researcher
B. The amount of money available for the study
C. The magnitude of the literature base surrounding the topic
D. The nature of the problem being investigated
E. The availability of research participants
6. Which of the following best illustrates a possible research scenario that is best suited for an experimental
study?
A A study to determine the attitudes of parents regarding schools' use of body mass index (BMI) as an
. indicator of fatness of children.
B. A study to ascertain the prevalence of hazing among interscholastic sport teams.
C. A study to determine the effects of massage on reducing muscle soreness associated with bicycling.
D. A study to compare birth-weight of Hispanic, African-American, and white infants.
E. A study to investigate the relationship between aerobic capacity and visual acuity among secondary-
school students.
,7. Throughout history, men and women have relied on several means for discovering knowledge and truth.
Which of the following does not represent a source of knowledge?
A. Deductive reasoning
B. Tradition
C. Personal experience
D. Scientific inquiry
E. All of the above represent ways of knowing
8. Research that is theoretical in nature and is generally intended for the fundamental purpose of discovering
new knowledge, with no immediate practical application, is called what:
A. Basic research
B. Experimental research
C. Quantitative research
D. Qualitative research
E. Action research
9. A study to determine the association between dietary behaviors, self-esteem, and body weight best
exemplifies what type of research?
A. Experimental
B. Qualitative
C. Causal-comparative
D. Correlational
E. Historical
10. A statement that "establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between variables with the purpose of
explaining and predicting phenomena" is called what?
A. Hypothesis
B. Theory
C. Law
D. Codicil
E. Conclusion
11. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the research process?
A. The research process involves several definitive, yet related steps
B. There is no standardized procedure applicable to all types of research
C. The nature of the research problem will largely determine the procedures undertaken
D. The research process can be conceptualized as cyclic in nature
E. All of the above are correct
12. It is generally agreed by most authorities that the research process begins with what important step?
A. A review of the literature
B. Identification of the research question
C. Development of the research plan
D. Selection of appropriate research participants
E. Meta-analysis of existing data
13. Which of the following does not represent one of the criteria that should be considered in evaluating the
appropriateness of a potential research problem?
A. Personal interest of the researcher
B. Potential value of the problem and its solution
C. Validity of the null hypothesis
D. Expertise of the researcher
E. Availability of resources to conduct the study
,14. The "statement of the purpose" in a research proposal is intended to:
A. Express the goals for the research study
B. Specify the type of research approach
C. Indicate the hypothesis being proposed by the researcher
D. Briefly summarize the background literature
E. Provide a succinct justification for the research study
15. Characteristics of a research study that serve to define the scope of the study and effectively "fence it in"
are called what?
A. Parameters
B. Limitations
C. Hypotheses
D. Delimitations
E. Assumptions
16. Research questions are often broad and need to be transformed into specific problem statements that are
amenable to investigation. Research questions may generally be categorized into three basic types of
questions:
A. Descriptive, relationship, and difference
B. Descriptive, experimental, and qualitative
C. Comparative, causal, and correlational
D. Past, present, and future
E. Declarative, discriminative, and empirical
17. A characteristic, trait, or attribute of a person, place, or thing that can have more than one value is called
what?
A. Parameter
B. Variable
C. Categorical syllogism
D. Internal validity
E. Statistic
18. A researcher may attempt to control the influence of an extraneous variable in a particular study by using
which of the following methods:
A. Randomly selecting the research participants
B. Removing the variable from the study
C. Matching participants in comparison groups by some criterion
D. Randomly assigning participants to either a control or experimental group
E. All of the above are possible
19. All studies have some elements that are beyond the control of the researcher, things that could negatively
influence the results and are considered as weaknesses of the study. In research terminology, what are
these called?
A. Limitations
B. Delimitations
C. Assumptions
D. Postulates
E. Parameters
20. An independent variable is one in which the researcher:
A. Measures
B. Eliminates
C. Manipulates
D. Observes
E. Calculates
, 21. What is the purpose of citing previously published literature in a research paper or in a research proposal?
A. Provide a justification for the current study
B. Present relevant facts, theories, and background information
C. Discuss methodological issues pertaining to the current problem
D. Demonstrate gaps in the existing literature
E. All of the above are correct
22. Reviewing the literature is a tedious and time-consuming task. Which of the following sources of
information would not be appropriate for a credible review of literature?
A. Professional journals and periodicals
B. Internet sites
C. Computer retrieval systems using CD-ROM format
D. Literature indexes
E. All of the above are appropriate
23. The type of literature providing broad-based theories and opinions related to a problem area that often
serves as the theoretical underpinning for a research study:
A. Related literature
B. Conceptual literature
C. Consonant literature
D. Inductive literature
E. Formative literature
24. In addition to providing background information that will help the researcher understand the problem
area, a thorough literature review should also provide information regarding:
A. Instruments for measuring the phenomenon of interest
B. Possible research design
C. Procedures for conducting the study
D. Theoretical basis of the study
E. All of the above are correct
25. Which of the following databases represents an example of a multidisciplinary database frequency used
in kinesiology research?
A. Academic One File
B. SPORT Discus
C. PsycINFO
D. ERIC
E. Medline
26. Which of the following sources of literature are considered inappropriate for conducting a scientific
review of literature on a topic?
A. Textbooks
B. Review articles
C. Professional journals or magazines
D. Internet pages
E. All of the above are appropriate
27. Which of the following computerized databases would most likely be consulted to obtain information
regarding biomedical research?
A. SPORT Discus
B. PsycINFO
C. Medline
D. ERIC
E. WilsonWeb
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The primary means through which a profession advances its knowledge base is through which of the
following?
A. Professional conferences
B. Networking with other professionals
C. Research Process
D. Well-established tradition
E. Strong beliefs held by those in positions of authority
2. While the term "research" may have many definitions, the following characteristic is normally present in
all such definitions?
A. Research focuses on attempting to answer a question of interest.
B. Statistics and research are synonymous
C. Experimental treatment is a fundamental aspect of all research
D. Results from research ensures infallible conclusions
E. Research represents the only credible means of acquiring knowledge
3. Which of the following does not represent one of the stages inherent to the scientific method of inquiry?
A. Formulating a hypothesis
B. Developing a research plan
C. Identifying the question
D. Collecting and analyzing the data
E. Designing effective curricular materials
4. A type of reasoning that is considered a fundamental principle of scientific inquiry in which thinking
proceeds from the specific to the general is called what?
A. Deduction
B. Induction
C. Syllogism
D. Rationalization
E. Hypothesizing
5. Although there are various types of research classifications, the type of research approach one selects for
a given study primarily depends upon:
A. The skills of the researcher
B. The amount of money available for the study
C. The magnitude of the literature base surrounding the topic
D. The nature of the problem being investigated
E. The availability of research participants
6. Which of the following best illustrates a possible research scenario that is best suited for an experimental
study?
A A study to determine the attitudes of parents regarding schools' use of body mass index (BMI) as an
. indicator of fatness of children.
B. A study to ascertain the prevalence of hazing among interscholastic sport teams.
C. A study to determine the effects of massage on reducing muscle soreness associated with bicycling.
D. A study to compare birth-weight of Hispanic, African-American, and white infants.
E. A study to investigate the relationship between aerobic capacity and visual acuity among secondary-
school students.
,7. Throughout history, men and women have relied on several means for discovering knowledge and truth.
Which of the following does not represent a source of knowledge?
A. Deductive reasoning
B. Tradition
C. Personal experience
D. Scientific inquiry
E. All of the above represent ways of knowing
8. Research that is theoretical in nature and is generally intended for the fundamental purpose of discovering
new knowledge, with no immediate practical application, is called what:
A. Basic research
B. Experimental research
C. Quantitative research
D. Qualitative research
E. Action research
9. A study to determine the association between dietary behaviors, self-esteem, and body weight best
exemplifies what type of research?
A. Experimental
B. Qualitative
C. Causal-comparative
D. Correlational
E. Historical
10. A statement that "establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between variables with the purpose of
explaining and predicting phenomena" is called what?
A. Hypothesis
B. Theory
C. Law
D. Codicil
E. Conclusion
11. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the research process?
A. The research process involves several definitive, yet related steps
B. There is no standardized procedure applicable to all types of research
C. The nature of the research problem will largely determine the procedures undertaken
D. The research process can be conceptualized as cyclic in nature
E. All of the above are correct
12. It is generally agreed by most authorities that the research process begins with what important step?
A. A review of the literature
B. Identification of the research question
C. Development of the research plan
D. Selection of appropriate research participants
E. Meta-analysis of existing data
13. Which of the following does not represent one of the criteria that should be considered in evaluating the
appropriateness of a potential research problem?
A. Personal interest of the researcher
B. Potential value of the problem and its solution
C. Validity of the null hypothesis
D. Expertise of the researcher
E. Availability of resources to conduct the study
,14. The "statement of the purpose" in a research proposal is intended to:
A. Express the goals for the research study
B. Specify the type of research approach
C. Indicate the hypothesis being proposed by the researcher
D. Briefly summarize the background literature
E. Provide a succinct justification for the research study
15. Characteristics of a research study that serve to define the scope of the study and effectively "fence it in"
are called what?
A. Parameters
B. Limitations
C. Hypotheses
D. Delimitations
E. Assumptions
16. Research questions are often broad and need to be transformed into specific problem statements that are
amenable to investigation. Research questions may generally be categorized into three basic types of
questions:
A. Descriptive, relationship, and difference
B. Descriptive, experimental, and qualitative
C. Comparative, causal, and correlational
D. Past, present, and future
E. Declarative, discriminative, and empirical
17. A characteristic, trait, or attribute of a person, place, or thing that can have more than one value is called
what?
A. Parameter
B. Variable
C. Categorical syllogism
D. Internal validity
E. Statistic
18. A researcher may attempt to control the influence of an extraneous variable in a particular study by using
which of the following methods:
A. Randomly selecting the research participants
B. Removing the variable from the study
C. Matching participants in comparison groups by some criterion
D. Randomly assigning participants to either a control or experimental group
E. All of the above are possible
19. All studies have some elements that are beyond the control of the researcher, things that could negatively
influence the results and are considered as weaknesses of the study. In research terminology, what are
these called?
A. Limitations
B. Delimitations
C. Assumptions
D. Postulates
E. Parameters
20. An independent variable is one in which the researcher:
A. Measures
B. Eliminates
C. Manipulates
D. Observes
E. Calculates
, 21. What is the purpose of citing previously published literature in a research paper or in a research proposal?
A. Provide a justification for the current study
B. Present relevant facts, theories, and background information
C. Discuss methodological issues pertaining to the current problem
D. Demonstrate gaps in the existing literature
E. All of the above are correct
22. Reviewing the literature is a tedious and time-consuming task. Which of the following sources of
information would not be appropriate for a credible review of literature?
A. Professional journals and periodicals
B. Internet sites
C. Computer retrieval systems using CD-ROM format
D. Literature indexes
E. All of the above are appropriate
23. The type of literature providing broad-based theories and opinions related to a problem area that often
serves as the theoretical underpinning for a research study:
A. Related literature
B. Conceptual literature
C. Consonant literature
D. Inductive literature
E. Formative literature
24. In addition to providing background information that will help the researcher understand the problem
area, a thorough literature review should also provide information regarding:
A. Instruments for measuring the phenomenon of interest
B. Possible research design
C. Procedures for conducting the study
D. Theoretical basis of the study
E. All of the above are correct
25. Which of the following databases represents an example of a multidisciplinary database frequency used
in kinesiology research?
A. Academic One File
B. SPORT Discus
C. PsycINFO
D. ERIC
E. Medline
26. Which of the following sources of literature are considered inappropriate for conducting a scientific
review of literature on a topic?
A. Textbooks
B. Review articles
C. Professional journals or magazines
D. Internet pages
E. All of the above are appropriate
27. Which of the following computerized databases would most likely be consulted to obtain information
regarding biomedical research?
A. SPORT Discus
B. PsycINFO
C. Medline
D. ERIC
E. WilsonWeb
