TEAS 6 Science ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LATEST STUDY GUIDE

TEAS 6 Science ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Endocrine System Gland/Organ Hormone Secreted Function Hypothalamus Releasing/Inhibiting hormones Stimulate Pituitary Anterior Pituitary (base of brain; controls growth and development Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Stimulate adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)Stimulate the Thyroid gland Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)Stimulates production of ova (females) and sperm (males) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Stimulates Ovaries (females) and Testes (males) Prolactin Stimulates milk production Growth Hormone (GH) Stimulates growth (bones) and metabolic functions Posterior Pituitary (back of anterior pituitary) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Promotes retention of water by the kidneys Oxytocin Stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary gland cells Pineal Gland (center of brain) Melatonin Sleep cycles; biorhythms Thyroid (neck; hormones regulate growth, development, and metabolism) Triiodothyronine (T3) Metabolism Thyroxine (T4) Metabolism and temperature Calcitonin Inhibits release of Calcium from bones Parathyroid (4 glands on Thyroid) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Stimulates release of calcium from bones, back into blood. Thymus (lymphoid organ that produces T-Cells) Thymosin Stimulates T-Cell Development Adrenal Glands (Above Kidneys; regulate HR, BP, and other functions) See below See below Adrenal Cortex (stimulates fight or flight response) Cortisol/Glucocorticoids Stress response; Increase blood glucose, Decrease immune response; metabolism Aldosterone Regulates Na content in blood Adrenal Medulla Epinephrine Fight TEAS 6 Science (stimulates fight or flight response) Norepinephrine Flight Ovaries (female gonads) Estrogen Stimulates egg maturation, controls 2 ndary sex characteristics Progesterone Prepares uterus to receive fertilized egg Testes (male gonads) Testosterone Regulates sperm production and 2 ndary sex characteristics Kidneys Erythropoietin Response to cellular hypoxia Renin Promotes production of Angiotensin Liver Angiotensin II Vasoconstriction, Increase BP Pancreas Glucagon (Alpha Cells) Increase blood glucose Insulin (Beta Cells) Decrease blood glucose Stomach Gastrin Response to food; stimulates production of gastric juices Intestine Secretin Response to acidity in small intestine; stimulates secretion by liver and pancreas Cholecystokinin Production of Bile Salts Heart Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Increase renal Na excretion, decrease ECF