Hoorcolleges samenvattingen
Dit is een samenvatting van de hoorcolleges van Pedagogische Systemen in de
Kindertijd en Adolescentie 2021-2022 en van enkele peerwise vragen. Dit vak is in
hybride vorm gegeven dit jaar.
Hoorcollege 1. Opvoedingstheorieën en socialisatie...............................................................5
Freud..............................................................................................................................................5
Zelfregulatie.............................................................................................................................5
Martinus Langeveld.....................................................................................................................6
Dr. Spock.......................................................................................................................................6
Socialisatie in de 20e eeuw.......................................................................................................6
Operante conditionering.......................................................................................................6
Patterson: Coercion cycle..........................................................................................................7
Sociaal cognitieve leertheorieën..............................................................................................7
Wat is een theorie?.....................................................................................................................8
Socialisatieprocessen en mechanismen..................................................................................8
Opvoeden als democratie..........................................................................................................8
Opvoedingsdimensies............................................................................................................9
Hoorcollege 2. Gehechtheid: Voorspellers en gevolgen.......................................................10
Gehechtheid meten: Instrumenten.......................................................................................10
Strange Situation Procedure (SSP)...................................................................................10
Attachment Q-sort...............................................................................................................10
Adult attachment interview (AAI).....................................................................................10
Classificatie AAI en koppeling aan SSP...........................................................................11
Voorspellers van gehechtheid................................................................................................12
Biologische factoren............................................................................................................12
Contextuele voorspellers....................................................................................................12
Sensitief en responsief ouderschap.................................................................................12
Verschillen tussen vaders en moeders.................................................................................13
Verklaringen voor de verschillen......................................................................................13
Gevolgen van gehechtheid.....................................................................................................14
Gehechtheid Interventie..........................................................................................................14
Hoorcollege 3. Gendersocialisatie..............................................................................................16
Sociale leertheorie (Bandura)..................................................................................................16
Bobo Doll Experiment.........................................................................................................16
De rol van ouders in modelling..............................................................................................17
Ouders: Bekrachtiging en straf.........................................................................................17
Seksespecifieke opvoeding................................................................................................17
Onderzoek naar sekseverschillen in agressie............................................................18
Brusjes theorieën.................................................................................................................18
De rol van peers in modelling.................................................................................................18
, Bekrachtigingsrol die peers hebben.................................................................................19
School modelling.......................................................................................................................19
Media modelling........................................................................................................................20
De rol van het kind zelf............................................................................................................22
Interactie tussen systemen.....................................................................................................22
Hoorcollege 4. De ontwikkeling van (morele) emoties..........................................................23
Theoretische perspectieven...................................................................................................23
Begrijpen van emoties..............................................................................................................24
Ontwikkelingspaden............................................................................................................24
Emotieregulatie....................................................................................................................25
Model emotiesocialisatie van Denham (1998).........................................................25
Socialisatie van morele emoties........................................................................................25
Ouders...............................................................................................................................25
Leeftijdsgenoten..............................................................................................................26
Empathie.....................................................................................................................................26
Empathie ontwikkeling........................................................................................................26
Moreel bewustzijn.....................................................................................................................27
Moreel gedrag.......................................................................................................................27
Ontwikkeling prosociaal gedrag...................................................................................27
Nuttige Peerwise antwoorden.....................................................................................28
Hoorcollege 5. Angst en depressie............................................................................................29
Angststoornis.............................................................................................................................29
Prevalentie angst.............................................................................................................30
Rol van de ouders bij angst...........................................................................................30
Genetica.......................................................................................................................30
Conditionering | Modeling | Negatieve informatie.............................................31
Opvoeding angst........................................................................................................31
Gezinsfunctioneren...................................................................................................31
Ouders bij de behandeling.................................................................................................31
Effectiviteit van CGT......................................................................................................32
Depressie....................................................................................................................................32
Depressieve episodes....................................................................................................32
Verloop depressie...........................................................................................................33
Depressieve episode......................................................................................................33
Depressieve stoornis......................................................................................................33
Disruptieve stemmingsdisregulatiestoornis..............................................................33
Persisterende depressieve stoornis............................................................................34
Prevalentie van depressie.............................................................................................34
Rol van de ouders bij depressie........................................................................................34
Genetica............................................................................................................................34
Opvoeding........................................................................................................................34
Ouder-kind relatie...........................................................................................................35
, Gezinsfunctioneren-depressie.....................................................................................35
Peerwise.................................................................................................................................36
Hoorcollege 6. Ouder-kind relaties tijdens de adolescentie................................................37
Theoretische perspectieven...................................................................................................37
Focus op individu.................................................................................................................37
Focus op relatie....................................................................................................................38
Toename gelijkwaardigheid in ouder-adolescent relatie.............................................38
Autonomie en verbondenheid...............................................................................................40
Vormen van ouderlijke controle.......................................................................................40
Autonomie en conflict.........................................................................................................41
Conflicten.........................................................................................................................41
Emotionele flexibiliteit tijdens ouder-adolescent conflict interacties............................42
Gezinnen in beweging.........................................................................................................42
Scheiding...........................................................................................................................42
Hoorcollege 7. Jeugd en Media..................................................................................................44
Wat maakt media aantrekkelijk?............................................................................................44
Moderate discrepancy hypothesis (MDH)......................................................................44
Jonge kinderen................................................................................................................44
Basisschoolleerlingen.....................................................................................................44
Adolescenten...................................................................................................................45
Sociale media........................................................................................................................45
Theorieën en empirische bevindingen.................................................................................45
Educatieve media effecten (academische vaardigheden)......................................45
Het capacity model (FISCH).........................................................................................46
Digitale apps.....................................................................................................................46
Mediageweld.........................................................................................................................46
Desensitisatie theorie....................................................................................................46
Agressie.............................................................................................................................46
ADHD................................................................................................................................47
Sociale media........................................................................................................................47
Sociale relaties.................................................................................................................47
Hyperpersonal theory of communication (Walther, 1996)...................................47
Cyberpesten.....................................................................................................................47
Zelfvertrouwen................................................................................................................47
Individuele verschillen in media effecten.............................................................................48
The differential susceptibility to media effects model (DSMM)................................48
Invloed van dispositie.....................................................................................................48
Invloed van ontwikkeling...............................................................................................49
Invloed van sociale omgeving.......................................................................................49
Samenvatting..............................................................................................................................49
Peerwise......................................................................................................................................50
Hoorcollege 8. Relaties met leeftijdsgenoten..........................................................................51
, Theorie........................................................................................................................................51
Persoonlijkheidstheorieën..................................................................................................51
Functies.......................................................................................................................................52
Ontwikkeling..............................................................................................................................52
Vroege kindertijd..................................................................................................................53
Interacties.........................................................................................................................53
Relaties..............................................................................................................................53
Groepen............................................................................................................................53
Midden kindertijd en preadolescentie.............................................................................53
Interacties.........................................................................................................................53
Relaties..............................................................................................................................54
Groepen............................................................................................................................54
Adolescent.............................................................................................................................54
Interacties.........................................................................................................................54
Relaties..............................................................................................................................54
Groepen............................................................................................................................55
Selectie en socialisatie........................................................................................................55
Sociometrische status..............................................................................................................55
Sociometrische status..............................................................................................................56
Stabiliteit sociometrische status.......................................................................................57
Meten sociometrische status............................................................................................57
Rol ouders in peer acceptatie.................................................................................................58
Vriendschapsvormen................................................................................................................58
Dyade......................................................................................................................................58
Cliques....................................................................................................................................58
Crowd.....................................................................................................................................59
Stabiliteit vriendschappen..................................................................................................59
Peer invloed................................................................................................................................60
Differential association theory van Sutherland........................................................60
Social bonding theorie van Hirschi..............................................................................61
Positieve vs negatieve invloed (Maxwell, 2002)......................................................61
Kwaliteit van peer relaties (Berndt, 2002).................................................................61
Twee methoden meten gedrag van peers.................................................................62
Samenvattend:...........................................................................................................................62
Peerwise......................................................................................................................................63
Dit is een samenvatting van de hoorcolleges van Pedagogische Systemen in de
Kindertijd en Adolescentie 2021-2022 en van enkele peerwise vragen. Dit vak is in
hybride vorm gegeven dit jaar.
Hoorcollege 1. Opvoedingstheorieën en socialisatie...............................................................5
Freud..............................................................................................................................................5
Zelfregulatie.............................................................................................................................5
Martinus Langeveld.....................................................................................................................6
Dr. Spock.......................................................................................................................................6
Socialisatie in de 20e eeuw.......................................................................................................6
Operante conditionering.......................................................................................................6
Patterson: Coercion cycle..........................................................................................................7
Sociaal cognitieve leertheorieën..............................................................................................7
Wat is een theorie?.....................................................................................................................8
Socialisatieprocessen en mechanismen..................................................................................8
Opvoeden als democratie..........................................................................................................8
Opvoedingsdimensies............................................................................................................9
Hoorcollege 2. Gehechtheid: Voorspellers en gevolgen.......................................................10
Gehechtheid meten: Instrumenten.......................................................................................10
Strange Situation Procedure (SSP)...................................................................................10
Attachment Q-sort...............................................................................................................10
Adult attachment interview (AAI).....................................................................................10
Classificatie AAI en koppeling aan SSP...........................................................................11
Voorspellers van gehechtheid................................................................................................12
Biologische factoren............................................................................................................12
Contextuele voorspellers....................................................................................................12
Sensitief en responsief ouderschap.................................................................................12
Verschillen tussen vaders en moeders.................................................................................13
Verklaringen voor de verschillen......................................................................................13
Gevolgen van gehechtheid.....................................................................................................14
Gehechtheid Interventie..........................................................................................................14
Hoorcollege 3. Gendersocialisatie..............................................................................................16
Sociale leertheorie (Bandura)..................................................................................................16
Bobo Doll Experiment.........................................................................................................16
De rol van ouders in modelling..............................................................................................17
Ouders: Bekrachtiging en straf.........................................................................................17
Seksespecifieke opvoeding................................................................................................17
Onderzoek naar sekseverschillen in agressie............................................................18
Brusjes theorieën.................................................................................................................18
De rol van peers in modelling.................................................................................................18
, Bekrachtigingsrol die peers hebben.................................................................................19
School modelling.......................................................................................................................19
Media modelling........................................................................................................................20
De rol van het kind zelf............................................................................................................22
Interactie tussen systemen.....................................................................................................22
Hoorcollege 4. De ontwikkeling van (morele) emoties..........................................................23
Theoretische perspectieven...................................................................................................23
Begrijpen van emoties..............................................................................................................24
Ontwikkelingspaden............................................................................................................24
Emotieregulatie....................................................................................................................25
Model emotiesocialisatie van Denham (1998).........................................................25
Socialisatie van morele emoties........................................................................................25
Ouders...............................................................................................................................25
Leeftijdsgenoten..............................................................................................................26
Empathie.....................................................................................................................................26
Empathie ontwikkeling........................................................................................................26
Moreel bewustzijn.....................................................................................................................27
Moreel gedrag.......................................................................................................................27
Ontwikkeling prosociaal gedrag...................................................................................27
Nuttige Peerwise antwoorden.....................................................................................28
Hoorcollege 5. Angst en depressie............................................................................................29
Angststoornis.............................................................................................................................29
Prevalentie angst.............................................................................................................30
Rol van de ouders bij angst...........................................................................................30
Genetica.......................................................................................................................30
Conditionering | Modeling | Negatieve informatie.............................................31
Opvoeding angst........................................................................................................31
Gezinsfunctioneren...................................................................................................31
Ouders bij de behandeling.................................................................................................31
Effectiviteit van CGT......................................................................................................32
Depressie....................................................................................................................................32
Depressieve episodes....................................................................................................32
Verloop depressie...........................................................................................................33
Depressieve episode......................................................................................................33
Depressieve stoornis......................................................................................................33
Disruptieve stemmingsdisregulatiestoornis..............................................................33
Persisterende depressieve stoornis............................................................................34
Prevalentie van depressie.............................................................................................34
Rol van de ouders bij depressie........................................................................................34
Genetica............................................................................................................................34
Opvoeding........................................................................................................................34
Ouder-kind relatie...........................................................................................................35
, Gezinsfunctioneren-depressie.....................................................................................35
Peerwise.................................................................................................................................36
Hoorcollege 6. Ouder-kind relaties tijdens de adolescentie................................................37
Theoretische perspectieven...................................................................................................37
Focus op individu.................................................................................................................37
Focus op relatie....................................................................................................................38
Toename gelijkwaardigheid in ouder-adolescent relatie.............................................38
Autonomie en verbondenheid...............................................................................................40
Vormen van ouderlijke controle.......................................................................................40
Autonomie en conflict.........................................................................................................41
Conflicten.........................................................................................................................41
Emotionele flexibiliteit tijdens ouder-adolescent conflict interacties............................42
Gezinnen in beweging.........................................................................................................42
Scheiding...........................................................................................................................42
Hoorcollege 7. Jeugd en Media..................................................................................................44
Wat maakt media aantrekkelijk?............................................................................................44
Moderate discrepancy hypothesis (MDH)......................................................................44
Jonge kinderen................................................................................................................44
Basisschoolleerlingen.....................................................................................................44
Adolescenten...................................................................................................................45
Sociale media........................................................................................................................45
Theorieën en empirische bevindingen.................................................................................45
Educatieve media effecten (academische vaardigheden)......................................45
Het capacity model (FISCH).........................................................................................46
Digitale apps.....................................................................................................................46
Mediageweld.........................................................................................................................46
Desensitisatie theorie....................................................................................................46
Agressie.............................................................................................................................46
ADHD................................................................................................................................47
Sociale media........................................................................................................................47
Sociale relaties.................................................................................................................47
Hyperpersonal theory of communication (Walther, 1996)...................................47
Cyberpesten.....................................................................................................................47
Zelfvertrouwen................................................................................................................47
Individuele verschillen in media effecten.............................................................................48
The differential susceptibility to media effects model (DSMM)................................48
Invloed van dispositie.....................................................................................................48
Invloed van ontwikkeling...............................................................................................49
Invloed van sociale omgeving.......................................................................................49
Samenvatting..............................................................................................................................49
Peerwise......................................................................................................................................50
Hoorcollege 8. Relaties met leeftijdsgenoten..........................................................................51
, Theorie........................................................................................................................................51
Persoonlijkheidstheorieën..................................................................................................51
Functies.......................................................................................................................................52
Ontwikkeling..............................................................................................................................52
Vroege kindertijd..................................................................................................................53
Interacties.........................................................................................................................53
Relaties..............................................................................................................................53
Groepen............................................................................................................................53
Midden kindertijd en preadolescentie.............................................................................53
Interacties.........................................................................................................................53
Relaties..............................................................................................................................54
Groepen............................................................................................................................54
Adolescent.............................................................................................................................54
Interacties.........................................................................................................................54
Relaties..............................................................................................................................54
Groepen............................................................................................................................55
Selectie en socialisatie........................................................................................................55
Sociometrische status..............................................................................................................55
Sociometrische status..............................................................................................................56
Stabiliteit sociometrische status.......................................................................................57
Meten sociometrische status............................................................................................57
Rol ouders in peer acceptatie.................................................................................................58
Vriendschapsvormen................................................................................................................58
Dyade......................................................................................................................................58
Cliques....................................................................................................................................58
Crowd.....................................................................................................................................59
Stabiliteit vriendschappen..................................................................................................59
Peer invloed................................................................................................................................60
Differential association theory van Sutherland........................................................60
Social bonding theorie van Hirschi..............................................................................61
Positieve vs negatieve invloed (Maxwell, 2002)......................................................61
Kwaliteit van peer relaties (Berndt, 2002).................................................................61
Twee methoden meten gedrag van peers.................................................................62
Samenvattend:...........................................................................................................................62
Peerwise......................................................................................................................................63
