N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Cancer | Module Objectives with Advanced Organizers

Cancer 1. Examine the basic concepts of cancer nomenclature and biology. a. Identify the cancer types which produce the tumor markers alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta human chorionic gonadotropin, and prostate specific antigen. Tumor Marker Origin Alpha Fetoprotein Liver and Germ Cells Carcinoembryonic Antigen GI, Pancreas, Lung, Breast, etc Beta Human Chorionic gonadotropin Germ Cells Prostate Specific Antigen Prostate b. Identify the origins of a cancer based on the following cancer nomenclature: Carcino-, sarco-, -oma, -blastoma, and carcinoma in situ. Term Definition Example Carcino- (prefix) Epithelial tissue Breast, prostate, lung, pancreas, and colon Sarco- (prefix) Tissue (connective and supportive) Bone, fat, muscle, nerve, and other connective tissues examples: osteosarcoma (malignancy of bone), liposarcoma (fat) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor -oma (suffix) Tumor Carcinoma in Situ Preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin Cervix, skin, oral cavity, esophagus, bronchus. In glandular epithelium it occurs in the stomach, endometrium, breast, and large bowel -blastoma (suffix) Type of cancer, more common in children, that is caused by malignances in precursor cells, blasts. Tumor of primitive, incompletely differentiated (or precursor) cells. Nephroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma