AGNP Board Exam - Question and Answers - Cardiovascular Prescribing

1. Signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity include: 2. A side effect of beta-blockers that is more common in children than adults is: 3. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is highly protein bound and has a duration of: 4. Nonselective beta-blockers block the stimulation of: 5. Dabigatran (Pradaxa), an anticoagulant, is also classified as a: 6. The brand name for candesartan cilexetil is: 7. Gemfibrozil (Lopid), for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, is classified as a: 8. In patients with normal renal function, the diuretic that has the greater antihypertensive effect is: 9. An adverse effect of statin therapy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia is: 10. Nitroglycerin sublingual (Nitrostat) tablets should be stored: 11. Patients taking warfarin (Coumadin) therapy should: 12. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (i.e. verapamil) may be safely used in patients with: 13. The generic name for Lopressor is: 14. A patient is taking isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) at 8 am, 2 pm and 9 pm and reports that the medication is no longer effective. The nurse practitioner knows that: 15. Of the angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in the treatment of hypertension, the one with the longest biological half-life at 24 hours is: 16. A patient who has warfarin (Coumadin) toxicity should be treated with: 17. Clopidogrel (Plavix), an anticoagulant, may be coadministered with: 18. Which of the following drugs blocks the action of aldosterone in order to produce diuresis? 19. The lipid-lowering agent that has been proven most effective in raising high-density lipoprotein levels is: 20. A patient taking spironolactone (Aldactone) has a serum potassium of 5.8 meq/L. The nurse practitioner should: 21. The mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in lowering blood pressure is to: 22. The diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle to produce diuresis is: 23. A 2-year-old child has a history of heart failure. To increase the force of ventricular contraction and decrease heart rate, the most appropriate drug choice is: 24. A common side effect of cardioselective beta-blockers such as labetalol (Trandate) is: 25. A patient is receiving furosemide (Lasix) for edema secondary to heart failure. The patient should be informed that furosemide (Lasix) may cause: 26. The loop diuretic with the longest half-life is: 27. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as ramipril (Altace) should not be used: 28. A child who is receiving furosemide (Lasix) to treat heart failure should be monitored for: 29. Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is classified as a(n): 30. When prescribing nitroglycerin for the treatment of angina, the first-pass effect bioavailability should be considered with: 31. Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is indicated for the treatment of: 32. A patient with a prosthetic heart valve is taking warfarin (Coumadin) therapy. The appropriate action prior to dental surgery is to: 33. The efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be enhanced, without an increase in side effects, when administered in combination with: 34. A 3-year-old patient has a history of congenital heart disease. To reduce the afterload and decrease right and left atrial pressures, the drug of choice should be: 35. Statins lower cholesterol by: 36. The negative inotropic activity of nifedipine (Adalat CC) that leads to an exacerbation of heart failure may be further pronounced if combined with: 37. Which beta-blocker is highly variable in bioavailability, has a shorter plasma half-life, is mostly lipid-soluble, and is almost completely absorbed by the small intestine? 38. Avoid concomitant use of oral digoxin (Lanoxin) and: 39. A patient being treated with enoxaparin (Lovenox) twice daily for atrial fibrillation is scheduled for surgery. The patient should be advised to: 40. The onset of anticoagulation action for warfarin (Coumadin) is: 41. Beta-blockers such as atenolol (Tenormin) should not be used in patients with: 42. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) should NOT be administered in combination with: 43. Enoxaparin (Lovenox), used in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis, should be administered: 44. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) lower blood pressure by: 45. Protamine sulfate, used to reduce the bleeding caused by low molecular weight heparin, should be used cautiously in patients who are allergic to: 46. Aliskiren (Tekturna), a renin inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of: 47. The dosage of apixaban (Eliquis) in the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation should be reduced for the patient with a(n): 48. A patient is receiving atenolol (Toprol XL) for angina and needs to be started on a second agent for hypertension. Caution should be used if prescribing: 49. While taking aliskiren (Tekturna), the patient should be advised to avoid: 50. Which medication is considered a cholesterol absorption inhibitor? 51. Inotropes (positive or negative) are indicated for patients diagnosed with: 52. The side effect profile of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is similar to the side effects of: 53. Which of the following is a brand name for enoxaparin? 54. To reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease, the patient should be treated with: 55. Beta-blockers that block the beta-2 receptors may cause: 56. Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy may be safely used by a patient who has: 57. The recommended pharmacologic management of elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is: 58. Concomitant use of beta-blockers with digitalis glycosides can increase the risk of: 59. Baseline and periodic monitoring for patients receiving hydralazine (Apresoline) should include serum: 60. The recommended prophylactic treatment agent for infective endocarditis is: 61. Bile acid sequestrants such as colesevelam (Welchol): 62. Ranolazine (Ranexa) is indicated in the treatment of: 63. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) should be discontinued if: 64. A 52-year-old man is receiving metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor) after a myocardial infarction. This patient should be educated to: 65. Hydralazine (Apresoline) is indicated for the treatment of: 66. By decreasing cardiac output, beta-blockers may also: 67. The generic name for Vasotec is: 68. It is safe to use ranolazine (Ranexa) concomitantly with: 69. The medication that produces vasodilation and thus lowers blood pressure by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II is: 70. The maximum benefits of fibrates on triglyceride reduction occur at approximately: 71. For the patient receiving dabigatran (Pradaxa) who needs anticoagulation reversal, the nurse practitioner knows that: 72. Bile acid sequestrants to treat hypercholesterolemia should be dosed: 73. Direct thrombin inhibitors such as dabigatran (Pradaxa) are NOT indicated for: 74. An adverse reaction to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in the treatment of hypertension is: 75. Beta-blockers that block the beta-1 receptors cause a(n): 76. Aliskiren (Tekturna), used in the treatment of essential hypertension, is classified as a(n): 77. Loop diuretics such as bumetanide (Bumex): 78. Initial and routine monitoring of patients receiving spironolactone (Aldactone) includes: 79. Signs of digoxin toxicity in a 2-year-old with heart failure is: 80. Patients should be advised to take ezetimibe (Zetia), a cholesterol absorption inhibitor,: 81. The peak effect of enalapril (Vasotec), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, occurs in: 82. An angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in children younger than 6 years old is: 83. Apixaban (Eliquis) may be a better choice than warfarin (Coumadin) in the patient who: 84. Increased toxicity effects may be experienced when administering furosemide (Lasix) with: 85. Patients receiving short-acting nitrates for the management of acute angina should be advised of the potential for: 86. A common side effect of niacin (Niaspan) is: 87. The mechanism of action of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in lowering blood pressure is to: 88. Reduced doses of lovastatin (Mevacor) are recommended when used concomitantly with: 89. Nitrates cause vasodilation of veins and coronary arteries by: 90. The brand name for isosorbide dinitrate is: 91. Aliskiren (Tekturna) should not be administered concurrently with: 92. Triamterene (Dyrenium), a diuretic, should not be used in the presence of: 93. An example of a cardioselective beta-blocker used in the treatment of heart failure is: 94. What is the earliest time a digoxin level can be obtained on a patient whose most recent dose was at 7 am? 95. A common side effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) such as candesartan (Atacand) is: 96. Nifedipine (Adalat CC), a calcium channel blocker, is indicated in the treatment of: 97. Aspirin can be prescribed for children who have rheumatic fever, pericarditis, or: 98. Fibric acid derivatives such as fenofibrate (Tricor) should be discontinued if: 99. Cardioselective beta-blockers: 100. Baseline and follow-up monitoring of ranolazine (Ranexa) should include: 101. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) use in infants and children is: 102. Warfarin (Coumadin) should be administered: 103. Patients who are started on olmesartan (Benicar) should be advised to report: 104. Ranolazine (Ranexa) exerts antianginal and anti-ischemic effects by: 105. What is the maximum half-life elimination of warfarin (Coumadin)? 106. Thiazide diuretics are indicated for the treatment of: 107. A disadvantage of vitamin K antagonists for anticoagulation is their: 108. An example of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker is: 109. To reduce the flushing effects caused by nifedipine (Adalat CC), it should be taken with: 110. The brand name for hydralazine is: 111. When prescribing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension, the patient should be instructed to: 112. Increased adverse events are likely with the concomitant use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as ramipril (Altace) and: 113. A common side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors used in the treatment of hypertension is: