Samenvatting:
International Business
“Internationale Marketing”
Academiejaar: 2020 - 2021
School: Hogeschool Gent
Vak: International Business Docent: Mr. Wim Buekens
,Inhoud
Wim z’n weg doorheen de cursus PDF2 ................................................................... 1
Deel: International Strategies PDF13....................................................................... 1
Key decisions to be made (1/4) ............................................................................... 1
Why expand into foreign markets? PDF14............................................................ 2
Why go abroad? PDF16 ........................................................................................ 3
Overcoming the liability of foreignness .............................................................. 3
Understanding the propensity to internationalize PDF17 .................................. 3
Key decisions to be made (2/4) PDF18 .................................................................... 5
Which markets to choose ........................................................................................ 5
Factors for market selection and entry PDF19......................................................... 6
Case: John Deere PDF22......................................................................................... 7
A comprehensive Model of Foreign market Entries PDF27 ....................................... 8
Where to Enter? Cultural/Institutional Distances and Foreign Entry Locations
PDF29 ................................................................................................................... 10
Deel: Entry Strategies for Foreign Markets ............................................................ 10
Key decisions to be made (3/4) PDF31 .................................................................. 10
When to Enter? PDF32.......................................................................................... 11
First Movers (Innovators) ................................................................................... 11
Voordelen ....................................................................................................... 11
Nadelen .......................................................................................................... 11
Late Movers (Followers) ...................................................................................... 11
Voordelen ....................................................................................................... 11
Smart Followers .............................................................................................. 11
How to Enter? Scale of Entry: Commitment and Experience ................................. 12
Entry Timing Strategy PDF33................................................................................ 12
Waterfall ............................................................................................................ 12
Sprinkler............................................................................................................ 12
Internationalising Issues PDF34 ........................................................................... 13
Entry modes PDF36 .............................................................................................. 13
Exporting PDF37................................................................................................... 14
Exporting – Advantages...................................................................................... 14
Exporting – Disadvantages ................................................................................. 14
Licensing PDF39 ................................................................................................... 14
Licensing – Advantages ...................................................................................... 15
Licensing – Disadvantages ................................................................................. 15
Franchising ........................................................................................................... 15
,Joint Ventures PDF42 ........................................................................................... 15
Advantages ........................................................................................................ 15
Disadvantages ................................................................................................... 15
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) PDF43 ................................................................. 16
Advantages of FDI .............................................................................................. 16
Disadvantages of FDI ......................................................................................... 16
International Mergers and Acquisitions PDF44 ..................................................... 16
Reasons for International M&A .......................................................................... 16
Problems with International M&A ...................................................................... 17
The Choice of Entry Modes: Hierarchical Model PDF47 ......................................... 17
Entry Debate: High Control vs. Low Control PDF49 .............................................. 18
Licensing............................................................................................................... 18
Revenues from licensing PDF50 ............................................................................ 18
Costs concerning licensing .................................................................................... 19
Factors to be considered PDF51 ............................................................................ 19
Deel: Multinational Enterprise PDF51 ................................................................... 20
Strategy and Organization of the MNC PDF53 ....................................................... 20
The Evolution of Multinational Strategies and Structures: (1) Pre 2nd WW: Era of
the Europeans ................................................................................................... 20
The Evolution of Multinational Strategies and Structures: (2) Post 2nd WW: U.S.
Dominance ........................................................................................................ 21
The Evolution of Multinational Strategies and Structures: (3) 1970’s and 1980’s:
The Japanese Challenge..................................................................................... 21
Reconciling Global Integration with National Differentiation: The Transnational
Corporation PDF54 ............................................................................................... 22
FDI flows among the triad PDF56.......................................................................... 22
Distribution of the 500 largest MNEs .................................................................... 23
OLI – model PDF60 ............................................................................................... 24
Ownership advantage ........................................................................................ 24
Location advantage ............................................................................................ 24
Internalisation advantage................................................................................... 24
Stopford-Wells structural stages model PDF112.................................................... 25
First step: international division structure PDF113 ............................................... 25
Multi-domestic PDF114......................................................................................... 26
Global Product PDF115 ......................................................................................... 26
Global Matrix/Transnational PDF116 ................................................................... 26
Different types of Internationalization PDF107 ...................................................... 27
Deel: Intercultural Factors PDF69 ......................................................................... 27
, The Importance of Understanding PDF70 .............................................................. 27
Key Factors in the International Environment ....................................................... 27
The Economic Environment PDF71.................................................................... 28
Legal-Political Environment ............................................................................... 28
Sociocultural Environment PDF72 ..................................................................... 28
Culture PDF73 ...................................................................................................... 28
The Nature of Culture PDF74 ................................................................................ 29
Priorities of Cultural Values .................................................................................. 29
A Model of Culture PDF75 ..................................................................................... 29
Comparing Cultures as Overlapping Normal Distribution ..................................... 30
Stereotyping from the Cultural Extremes ........................................................... 30
Principles for Studying Other Cultures PDF76 ...................................................... 30
Stereotyping/ Sociotyping PDF77 .......................................................................... 31
Ethnocentrism ...................................................................................................... 31
Principles Summary PDF78 .................................................................................. 31
Cultural Dimensions ............................................................................................. 31
Geert Hofstede ................................................................................................... 31
Trompenaars PDF79 .......................................................................................... 32
Lewin Circle .................................................................................................... 33
Deel: Global Strategic Alliances PDF122 ............................................................... 34
Motivation for Strategic Alliances PDF124 ............................................................. 34
Vb: Bekaert & Japans Bridge Stone: .................................................................. 34
Categories of Alliances PDF125 ............................................................................. 35
Guidelines for Successful S.A.s PDF127 ................................................................ 35
Most Alliances Terminate in Acquisition by one Partner PDF130 ........................... 35
Deel: Joint Ventures ............................................................................................. 36
Joint-venture: definition and interest PDF131....................................................... 36
Reasons for Joint Ventures PDF132 ...................................................................... 36
What partners for the Joint-Ventures PDF136 ...................................................... 36
The end of the Joint-Venture PDF137 ................................................................... 36
International Business
“Internationale Marketing”
Academiejaar: 2020 - 2021
School: Hogeschool Gent
Vak: International Business Docent: Mr. Wim Buekens
,Inhoud
Wim z’n weg doorheen de cursus PDF2 ................................................................... 1
Deel: International Strategies PDF13....................................................................... 1
Key decisions to be made (1/4) ............................................................................... 1
Why expand into foreign markets? PDF14............................................................ 2
Why go abroad? PDF16 ........................................................................................ 3
Overcoming the liability of foreignness .............................................................. 3
Understanding the propensity to internationalize PDF17 .................................. 3
Key decisions to be made (2/4) PDF18 .................................................................... 5
Which markets to choose ........................................................................................ 5
Factors for market selection and entry PDF19......................................................... 6
Case: John Deere PDF22......................................................................................... 7
A comprehensive Model of Foreign market Entries PDF27 ....................................... 8
Where to Enter? Cultural/Institutional Distances and Foreign Entry Locations
PDF29 ................................................................................................................... 10
Deel: Entry Strategies for Foreign Markets ............................................................ 10
Key decisions to be made (3/4) PDF31 .................................................................. 10
When to Enter? PDF32.......................................................................................... 11
First Movers (Innovators) ................................................................................... 11
Voordelen ....................................................................................................... 11
Nadelen .......................................................................................................... 11
Late Movers (Followers) ...................................................................................... 11
Voordelen ....................................................................................................... 11
Smart Followers .............................................................................................. 11
How to Enter? Scale of Entry: Commitment and Experience ................................. 12
Entry Timing Strategy PDF33................................................................................ 12
Waterfall ............................................................................................................ 12
Sprinkler............................................................................................................ 12
Internationalising Issues PDF34 ........................................................................... 13
Entry modes PDF36 .............................................................................................. 13
Exporting PDF37................................................................................................... 14
Exporting – Advantages...................................................................................... 14
Exporting – Disadvantages ................................................................................. 14
Licensing PDF39 ................................................................................................... 14
Licensing – Advantages ...................................................................................... 15
Licensing – Disadvantages ................................................................................. 15
Franchising ........................................................................................................... 15
,Joint Ventures PDF42 ........................................................................................... 15
Advantages ........................................................................................................ 15
Disadvantages ................................................................................................... 15
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) PDF43 ................................................................. 16
Advantages of FDI .............................................................................................. 16
Disadvantages of FDI ......................................................................................... 16
International Mergers and Acquisitions PDF44 ..................................................... 16
Reasons for International M&A .......................................................................... 16
Problems with International M&A ...................................................................... 17
The Choice of Entry Modes: Hierarchical Model PDF47 ......................................... 17
Entry Debate: High Control vs. Low Control PDF49 .............................................. 18
Licensing............................................................................................................... 18
Revenues from licensing PDF50 ............................................................................ 18
Costs concerning licensing .................................................................................... 19
Factors to be considered PDF51 ............................................................................ 19
Deel: Multinational Enterprise PDF51 ................................................................... 20
Strategy and Organization of the MNC PDF53 ....................................................... 20
The Evolution of Multinational Strategies and Structures: (1) Pre 2nd WW: Era of
the Europeans ................................................................................................... 20
The Evolution of Multinational Strategies and Structures: (2) Post 2nd WW: U.S.
Dominance ........................................................................................................ 21
The Evolution of Multinational Strategies and Structures: (3) 1970’s and 1980’s:
The Japanese Challenge..................................................................................... 21
Reconciling Global Integration with National Differentiation: The Transnational
Corporation PDF54 ............................................................................................... 22
FDI flows among the triad PDF56.......................................................................... 22
Distribution of the 500 largest MNEs .................................................................... 23
OLI – model PDF60 ............................................................................................... 24
Ownership advantage ........................................................................................ 24
Location advantage ............................................................................................ 24
Internalisation advantage................................................................................... 24
Stopford-Wells structural stages model PDF112.................................................... 25
First step: international division structure PDF113 ............................................... 25
Multi-domestic PDF114......................................................................................... 26
Global Product PDF115 ......................................................................................... 26
Global Matrix/Transnational PDF116 ................................................................... 26
Different types of Internationalization PDF107 ...................................................... 27
Deel: Intercultural Factors PDF69 ......................................................................... 27
, The Importance of Understanding PDF70 .............................................................. 27
Key Factors in the International Environment ....................................................... 27
The Economic Environment PDF71.................................................................... 28
Legal-Political Environment ............................................................................... 28
Sociocultural Environment PDF72 ..................................................................... 28
Culture PDF73 ...................................................................................................... 28
The Nature of Culture PDF74 ................................................................................ 29
Priorities of Cultural Values .................................................................................. 29
A Model of Culture PDF75 ..................................................................................... 29
Comparing Cultures as Overlapping Normal Distribution ..................................... 30
Stereotyping from the Cultural Extremes ........................................................... 30
Principles for Studying Other Cultures PDF76 ...................................................... 30
Stereotyping/ Sociotyping PDF77 .......................................................................... 31
Ethnocentrism ...................................................................................................... 31
Principles Summary PDF78 .................................................................................. 31
Cultural Dimensions ............................................................................................. 31
Geert Hofstede ................................................................................................... 31
Trompenaars PDF79 .......................................................................................... 32
Lewin Circle .................................................................................................... 33
Deel: Global Strategic Alliances PDF122 ............................................................... 34
Motivation for Strategic Alliances PDF124 ............................................................. 34
Vb: Bekaert & Japans Bridge Stone: .................................................................. 34
Categories of Alliances PDF125 ............................................................................. 35
Guidelines for Successful S.A.s PDF127 ................................................................ 35
Most Alliances Terminate in Acquisition by one Partner PDF130 ........................... 35
Deel: Joint Ventures ............................................................................................. 36
Joint-venture: definition and interest PDF131....................................................... 36
Reasons for Joint Ventures PDF132 ...................................................................... 36
What partners for the Joint-Ventures PDF136 ...................................................... 36
The end of the Joint-Venture PDF137 ................................................................... 36
