Psychology 101 Chapter 1-4 Exam
Questions with Verified Answers
Psychology - ANSWERSthe scientific investigation of mental process and behavior
Scientific Method - ANSWERSsets of orderly steps used to analyze and solve problems
Behavioral Perspective - ANSWERShow behavior is learned or modified by
environmental causes (NURTURE)
Behavioral Data - ANSWERSreports of observation about the behavior of organisms
and the conditions under which the behavior occur
Psychodynamic Perspective - ANSWERSbehavior is motivated by inherited instincts,
biological drives, & attempts to resolve personal conflicts between personal need and
society's demands
Cognitive Perspective - ANSWERSan approach that emphasizes mental process in
perception, memory, language, problem solving and other areas of behavior
Humanistic Perspective - ANSWERSemphasizes the individual's inherent capacity for
making rational choices and developing maximum potential
Willhelm Wundt - ANSWERSfounding father of psychology
Biological Perspective - ANSWERSstudy of physical bases on behavior
Behavior - ANSWERSorganisms that adjust to their environment
Standardization - ANSWERSusing uniform, consistent, procedures in all phases of data
collection
Hypothesis - ANSWERStentative and testable statement about the relationship between
causes and consequences
Determinism - ANSWERSthe idea that all events are determined by specific casual
factors (physical, mental, and behavioral)
Theory - ANSWERSorganized set of concepts (used to formulate research)
Sociocultural Perspective - ANSWERSstudies how an individual's behavior and thinking
vary across situations and cultures
, Ivan Pavlov - ANSWERSRussian Physiologist
Discovered classical conditioning behaviorism
Operational Definition - ANSWERSstandardizes the meaning within an experiment, by
defining a concept in terms of the specific operations or procedures used to measure it
Independent Variable - ANSWERSfactor manipulated and will cause changes (casual
part of the relationship)
Dependent Variable - ANSWERSfactor affected by independent variable (what is being
measured)
Experimental Method - ANSWERSresearch methodology that involves the manipulation
of independent variables to determine their effects on the dependent variables
Confounding Variable - ANSWERSa variable that could produce effects that are
confused, or confounded with the effects of the independent variable
Double-blind Study - ANSWERSa study in which both participants and researchers are
blind to the status of participants
Placebo Effect - ANSWERSa phenomena in which an experimental manipulation
produces an effect because participants believe it will produce an effect
Control Group - ANSWERSparticipants in an experiment who receive a relatively
neutral condition to serve as a comparison group
Population - ANSWERSa group of people or animals of interest to a researcher from
which a sample is drawn
Sample - ANSWERSa subgroup of a population likely to be representative of the
population as a whole
Random Sample - ANSWERSa sample of participants selected from the population in a
relatively arbitrary manner
Correlation Coefficient - ANSWERSan index of the extent to which two variables are
related
Reliability - ANSWERSa measure's ability to produce consistent results
Validity - ANSWERSthe extent to which a test measures the construct it attempts to
assess or a study adequately addresses the hypothesis it attempts to assess
Naturalistic Observation - ANSWERSobservation of phenomena in its natural setting
Questions with Verified Answers
Psychology - ANSWERSthe scientific investigation of mental process and behavior
Scientific Method - ANSWERSsets of orderly steps used to analyze and solve problems
Behavioral Perspective - ANSWERShow behavior is learned or modified by
environmental causes (NURTURE)
Behavioral Data - ANSWERSreports of observation about the behavior of organisms
and the conditions under which the behavior occur
Psychodynamic Perspective - ANSWERSbehavior is motivated by inherited instincts,
biological drives, & attempts to resolve personal conflicts between personal need and
society's demands
Cognitive Perspective - ANSWERSan approach that emphasizes mental process in
perception, memory, language, problem solving and other areas of behavior
Humanistic Perspective - ANSWERSemphasizes the individual's inherent capacity for
making rational choices and developing maximum potential
Willhelm Wundt - ANSWERSfounding father of psychology
Biological Perspective - ANSWERSstudy of physical bases on behavior
Behavior - ANSWERSorganisms that adjust to their environment
Standardization - ANSWERSusing uniform, consistent, procedures in all phases of data
collection
Hypothesis - ANSWERStentative and testable statement about the relationship between
causes and consequences
Determinism - ANSWERSthe idea that all events are determined by specific casual
factors (physical, mental, and behavioral)
Theory - ANSWERSorganized set of concepts (used to formulate research)
Sociocultural Perspective - ANSWERSstudies how an individual's behavior and thinking
vary across situations and cultures
, Ivan Pavlov - ANSWERSRussian Physiologist
Discovered classical conditioning behaviorism
Operational Definition - ANSWERSstandardizes the meaning within an experiment, by
defining a concept in terms of the specific operations or procedures used to measure it
Independent Variable - ANSWERSfactor manipulated and will cause changes (casual
part of the relationship)
Dependent Variable - ANSWERSfactor affected by independent variable (what is being
measured)
Experimental Method - ANSWERSresearch methodology that involves the manipulation
of independent variables to determine their effects on the dependent variables
Confounding Variable - ANSWERSa variable that could produce effects that are
confused, or confounded with the effects of the independent variable
Double-blind Study - ANSWERSa study in which both participants and researchers are
blind to the status of participants
Placebo Effect - ANSWERSa phenomena in which an experimental manipulation
produces an effect because participants believe it will produce an effect
Control Group - ANSWERSparticipants in an experiment who receive a relatively
neutral condition to serve as a comparison group
Population - ANSWERSa group of people or animals of interest to a researcher from
which a sample is drawn
Sample - ANSWERSa subgroup of a population likely to be representative of the
population as a whole
Random Sample - ANSWERSa sample of participants selected from the population in a
relatively arbitrary manner
Correlation Coefficient - ANSWERSan index of the extent to which two variables are
related
Reliability - ANSWERSa measure's ability to produce consistent results
Validity - ANSWERSthe extent to which a test measures the construct it attempts to
assess or a study adequately addresses the hypothesis it attempts to assess
Naturalistic Observation - ANSWERSobservation of phenomena in its natural setting
