Medical-Surgical Nursing MCQ Study Guide & Practice Test Bank (Foundations & Ethics)

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
(Vol.1 & Vol.2)
22nd Edition
• Author(s)Joseph Loscalzo; Anthony S.
Fauci; Dennis L. Kasper; Stephen Hauser;
Dan Longo; J. Larry Jameson
Test Bank




Covered

PART 1: Foundations of Clinical Medicine

PART 2: Cardinal Symptoms & Clinical Presentations

PART 3: Clinical Pharmacology

PART 4: Oncology & Hematology

PART 5: Infectious Diseases

PART 6: Cardiovascular Disorders

PART 7: Respiratory Disorders

PART 8: Critical Care Medicine

PART 9: Kidney & Urinary Tract Disorders

PART 10: Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Disorders

,PART 11: Immune-Mediated & Rheumatologic Disorders

PART 12: Endocrinology & Metabolism

PART 13: Neurologic & Psychiatric Disorders

PART 14: Toxicology & Environmental Injury

PART 15: Environmental & Occupational Medicine

PART 16: Genetics, Precision & Systems Medicine

PART 17–20: Special & Emerging Topics




1. The Practice of Medicine
1. Which principle best defines evidence-based clinical
practice?
A. Reliance on expert opinion
B. Application of randomized trials alone
C. Integration of best evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
values
D. Use of population data over individual care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based medicine integrates scientific
evidence, clinician expertise, and patient preferences to guide
care.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Ch. 1


2. Promoting Good Health

,2. Which intervention has the greatest impact on reducing
premature mortality at the population level?
A. Early disease screening
B. Smoking cessation
C. Advanced pharmacotherapy
D. Genetic testing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tobacco cessation is the single most effective health
promotion strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Citation: Harrison’s, 22nd ed., Ch. 2


3. Vaccine Opposition and Hesitancy
3. Which nursing approach is most effective when addressing
vaccine hesitancy?
A. Presenting statistical risk data only
B. Dismissing patient concerns
C. Respectful dialogue addressing specific fears
D. Mandating vaccination without discussion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trust-building and tailored communication improve
vaccine acceptance.
Citation: Harrison’s, 22nd ed., Ch. 3


4. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine

, 4. Which factor most contributes to diagnostic error?
A. Excessive testing
B. Cognitive bias
C. Patient nonadherence
D. Lack of technology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cognitive biases (anchoring, premature closure) are
major contributors to diagnostic error.
Citation: Harrison’s, 22nd ed., Ch. 4


5. Precision Medicine and Clinical Care
5. Precision medicine primarily aims to:
A. Replace clinical judgment
B. Standardize treatment protocols
C. Tailor therapy based on individual variability
D. Reduce health care costs exclusively
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Precision medicine individualizes care using genetic,
environmental, and lifestyle factors.
Citation: Harrison’s, 22nd ed., Ch. 5


6. Screening and Prevention of Disease
6. Which screening principle is essential before
implementation?