Pathophysiology Review Questions With Complete Solutions
A 1-year-old baby boy with renal dysplasia risks end-stage renal
disease unless intervention occurs. Which of the following
treatment options is his care team most likely to reject? Correct
Answers Dietary restriction plus erythropoietin
A 10-year-old boy has a body mass index that places him in the
96th percentile for his age and gender. Correct Answers type 2
diabetes.
A 13-year-old female is undergoing rapid development of her
breasts after experiencing menarche several months ago. Which
of the following hormones are active in the development of her
breasts? Select all that apply. Correct Answers A)
Prolactin
C)
Luteinizing hormone
D)
Estrogen
E)
Follicle-stimulating hormone
F)
Progesterone
A 13-year-old girl and her father come in to the local health
clinic hoping to see an orthopedic doctor about the girl's stiff
and warm knee. The father reports that she hurt it sliding into
base during a softball game, and the daughter concurs, but with
further discussion, it becomes clear that the slide made an
existing pain worse. Her knee had been stiff, warm, and shiny
,and had been keeping her awake at night for a week or so before
the game. Which of the following might be the cause of the girl's
symptoms? Correct Answers Osteosarcoma
A 13-year-old girl has presented to a clinic with her mother
explaining that she had an oval-shaped red patch on her chest a
week ago but that more of the lesions are now appearing on her
back. On examination, the lesions on her back are in a
"Christmas tree" pattern. What is the girl's most likely
diagnosis? Correct Answers Pityriasis rosea
A 13-year-old patient undergoing puberty is alarmed to find
small, white bumps surrounding the areolae on her nipples. You
reassure her that these are a normal sign of her sexual
maturation and tell her that they are which of the following?
Correct Answers Montgomery tubercles
A 14-year-old boy has been brought to the emergency
department by his mother in excruciating pain that is radiating
from his scrotum to his inguinal area.
The boy's heart rate is 122 beats/minute, and he has vomited
twice before arrival at the hospital. Examination reveals that his
scrotum is reddened and slightly swollen, and the testes are firm
to touch and tender, with extensive cremaster muscle contraction
noted. What is the boy's most likely diagnosis? Correct Answers
Testicular torsion
A 14-year-old boy has experienced a pronounced growth spurt
over the last several months. While discussing this with his
parents, the nurse educates what normal male growth patterns
,contain. Of the following, which are accurate statements to relay
to the parents? Select all that apply. Correct Answers B)
It is not usual for their son to gain up to 30 kg in weight.
D)
Expect the thorax to become broader and for the pelvis to
remain narrow.
A 14-year-old boy, appearing to be intoxicated, is brought to the
emergency room by ambulance. The EMTs report that the boy
has denied consuming anything out of the ordinary, but an open
antifreeze container was found in the boy's room. Which of the
following is likely to be used to treat the patient's symptoms?
Correct Answers Fomepizole
A 14-year-old female has been experiencing severe internal
cramps in the region of the pelvis and weight loss.She has been
admitted with rectal bleeding. Correct Answers endoplasmic
reticulum stress in the gastrointestinal system.
A 15-year-old boy with type 1 diabetes is exasperated by his
regimen of blood sugar monitoring and insulin administration
and has told his mother that he wants to scale both back. Which
of the following responses by his mother is most accurate?
Correct Answers "Even though it's hard to do, you need to
continue, so you don't go blind or need a kidney transplant down
the road."
A 15-year-old female has presented to her family physician
complaining of frequent discomfort around the time of her
period. She has subsequently been diagnosed with primary
dysmenorrhea. Which of the following treatments is most likely
, to be effective? Correct Answers Pain control with
prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors
A 15-year-old who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
says she read on the Internet that diabetes is the leading cause of
acquired blindness among Americans. She asks you if she will
lose her sight. In addition to explaining that new treatment
technologies are being worked on every day, which of the
following would be the most appropriate response? Correct
Answers Explain that almost all people with type 1 diabetes do
experience some degree of vision loss.
A 16-month-old boy has a normal weight for his age but a height
far below the normal range. His list of symptoms includes a
protruding abdomen, lethargy, bow legs, muscle weakness, and
irritability. His teeth have not yet developed, and he has
difficulty standing. What is the child's most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answers Rickets
A 16-year-old boy has been diagnosed with ankylosing
spondylitis. Which of the following etiologies is responsible for
his health problem? Correct Answers Immune response
A 17-year-old female has announced to her family physician a
desire to wholly eliminate fats from her diet. Which of the
following aspects of the role of fats would underlie the
physician's response to the client? Correct Answers Apart from
providing energy, fats are necessary as carriers of certain
vitamins and are precursors to prostaglandins.
A 1-year-old baby boy with renal dysplasia risks end-stage renal
disease unless intervention occurs. Which of the following
treatment options is his care team most likely to reject? Correct
Answers Dietary restriction plus erythropoietin
A 10-year-old boy has a body mass index that places him in the
96th percentile for his age and gender. Correct Answers type 2
diabetes.
A 13-year-old female is undergoing rapid development of her
breasts after experiencing menarche several months ago. Which
of the following hormones are active in the development of her
breasts? Select all that apply. Correct Answers A)
Prolactin
C)
Luteinizing hormone
D)
Estrogen
E)
Follicle-stimulating hormone
F)
Progesterone
A 13-year-old girl and her father come in to the local health
clinic hoping to see an orthopedic doctor about the girl's stiff
and warm knee. The father reports that she hurt it sliding into
base during a softball game, and the daughter concurs, but with
further discussion, it becomes clear that the slide made an
existing pain worse. Her knee had been stiff, warm, and shiny
,and had been keeping her awake at night for a week or so before
the game. Which of the following might be the cause of the girl's
symptoms? Correct Answers Osteosarcoma
A 13-year-old girl has presented to a clinic with her mother
explaining that she had an oval-shaped red patch on her chest a
week ago but that more of the lesions are now appearing on her
back. On examination, the lesions on her back are in a
"Christmas tree" pattern. What is the girl's most likely
diagnosis? Correct Answers Pityriasis rosea
A 13-year-old patient undergoing puberty is alarmed to find
small, white bumps surrounding the areolae on her nipples. You
reassure her that these are a normal sign of her sexual
maturation and tell her that they are which of the following?
Correct Answers Montgomery tubercles
A 14-year-old boy has been brought to the emergency
department by his mother in excruciating pain that is radiating
from his scrotum to his inguinal area.
The boy's heart rate is 122 beats/minute, and he has vomited
twice before arrival at the hospital. Examination reveals that his
scrotum is reddened and slightly swollen, and the testes are firm
to touch and tender, with extensive cremaster muscle contraction
noted. What is the boy's most likely diagnosis? Correct Answers
Testicular torsion
A 14-year-old boy has experienced a pronounced growth spurt
over the last several months. While discussing this with his
parents, the nurse educates what normal male growth patterns
,contain. Of the following, which are accurate statements to relay
to the parents? Select all that apply. Correct Answers B)
It is not usual for their son to gain up to 30 kg in weight.
D)
Expect the thorax to become broader and for the pelvis to
remain narrow.
A 14-year-old boy, appearing to be intoxicated, is brought to the
emergency room by ambulance. The EMTs report that the boy
has denied consuming anything out of the ordinary, but an open
antifreeze container was found in the boy's room. Which of the
following is likely to be used to treat the patient's symptoms?
Correct Answers Fomepizole
A 14-year-old female has been experiencing severe internal
cramps in the region of the pelvis and weight loss.She has been
admitted with rectal bleeding. Correct Answers endoplasmic
reticulum stress in the gastrointestinal system.
A 15-year-old boy with type 1 diabetes is exasperated by his
regimen of blood sugar monitoring and insulin administration
and has told his mother that he wants to scale both back. Which
of the following responses by his mother is most accurate?
Correct Answers "Even though it's hard to do, you need to
continue, so you don't go blind or need a kidney transplant down
the road."
A 15-year-old female has presented to her family physician
complaining of frequent discomfort around the time of her
period. She has subsequently been diagnosed with primary
dysmenorrhea. Which of the following treatments is most likely
, to be effective? Correct Answers Pain control with
prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors
A 15-year-old who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
says she read on the Internet that diabetes is the leading cause of
acquired blindness among Americans. She asks you if she will
lose her sight. In addition to explaining that new treatment
technologies are being worked on every day, which of the
following would be the most appropriate response? Correct
Answers Explain that almost all people with type 1 diabetes do
experience some degree of vision loss.
A 16-month-old boy has a normal weight for his age but a height
far below the normal range. His list of symptoms includes a
protruding abdomen, lethargy, bow legs, muscle weakness, and
irritability. His teeth have not yet developed, and he has
difficulty standing. What is the child's most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answers Rickets
A 16-year-old boy has been diagnosed with ankylosing
spondylitis. Which of the following etiologies is responsible for
his health problem? Correct Answers Immune response
A 17-year-old female has announced to her family physician a
desire to wholly eliminate fats from her diet. Which of the
following aspects of the role of fats would underlie the
physician's response to the client? Correct Answers Apart from
providing energy, fats are necessary as carriers of certain
vitamins and are precursors to prostaglandins.
