TEST BANK h
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE INTRODUC
h h h h h
TION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
h h h h
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
h h h h h
,Chapter 1 Test A h h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
INSTRUCTIONS: Thee following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and h h h h h h h h h h h
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. h h h h h h h
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working mor
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
e and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman spe
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
nt 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. h h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. h h h h h h h h h
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which can ca
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
use development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead t
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
o anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical imp
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. h h h h
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. h h h h h h h h
ANS: C h PTS: 2 h h
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the prop
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
er amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion and acti
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
on were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
h h h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. h h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices h h h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E h PTS: 2 h h
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these merchant
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
s pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers and t
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
he amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contribute noth
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ing to the communities in which they live.
h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.h h h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay. h h h h h h h h h h
1
, c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. h h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A h PTS: 2 h h
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-
h h h h
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic gr
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
oups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served lo
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
nger periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
third less time for the same offenses than black women.
h h h h h h h h h
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. h h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 2 h h
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal elem
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ents lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a vulnerabl
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
e computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft and fenc
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-per-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
click ads. h
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. h h h h h h h h h
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: E h PTS: 2 h h
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the at
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
mosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of interplan
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
etary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. h h h h h h h h
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. h h h h h h h h
ANS: C h PTS: 2 h h
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities abut
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be persu
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
aded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. h h h h h h h h h h
2
, ANS: A h PTS: 2 h h
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to understa
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
nd their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, learn, rememb
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
er, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons communicate are c
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
rucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental processing.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nucleic
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms only
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a container on
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. h h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. h h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 2 h h
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming probl
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
em. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82 perce
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
nt since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells have bee
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
n developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs of wind
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
h h h h h h h h h
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. h h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. h h h h h h h h h
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. h h h h h h h h
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. From
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence playe
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
d a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of these pr
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
isoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may more would have be
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
en exonerated? h
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit. h h h h h h h h h h h h
3
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE INTRODUC
h h h h h
TION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
h h h h
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
h h h h h
,Chapter 1 Test A h h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
INSTRUCTIONS: Thee following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and h h h h h h h h h h h
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. h h h h h h h
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working mor
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
e and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman spe
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
nt 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. h h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. h h h h h h h h h
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which can ca
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
use development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead t
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
o anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical imp
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. h h h h
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. h h h h h h h h
ANS: C h PTS: 2 h h
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the prop
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
er amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion and acti
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
on were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
h h h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. h h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices h h h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E h PTS: 2 h h
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these merchant
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
s pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers and t
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
he amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contribute noth
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ing to the communities in which they live.
h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.h h h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay. h h h h h h h h h h
1
, c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. h h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A h PTS: 2 h h
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-
h h h h
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic gr
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
oups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served lo
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
nger periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
third less time for the same offenses than black women.
h h h h h h h h h
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. h h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 2 h h
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal elem
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ents lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a vulnerabl
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
e computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft and fenc
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-per-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
click ads. h
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. h h h h h h h h h
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: E h PTS: 2 h h
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the at
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
mosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of interplan
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
etary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. h h h h h h h h
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. h h h h h h h h
ANS: C h PTS: 2 h h
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities abut
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be persu
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
aded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. h h h h h h h h h h
2
, ANS: A h PTS: 2 h h
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to understa
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
nd their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, learn, rememb
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
er, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons communicate are c
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
rucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental processing.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nucleic
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms only
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a container on
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. h h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. h h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 2 h h
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming probl
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
em. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82 perce
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
nt since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells have bee
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
n developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs of wind
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
h h h h h h h h h
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. h h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. h h h h h h h h h
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. h h h h h h h h
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. From
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence playe
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
d a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of these pr
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
isoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may more would have be
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
en exonerated? h
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit. h h h h h h h h h h h h
3
