CPPS 306 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

CPPS306QUESTIONSWITHCORRECT v v v v




ANSWERS 2025 v v




Bosentan - CORRECT ANSWER - v v v v




first drug for the antagonism of ETA and ETB (didn't work that well, due to no vasodilation pathways) main
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v use pulmonary hypertension
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Ambrisentan - CORRECT ANSWER -ETA selective theoretically provides an antihypertensive effect allowed
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ETB receptors to release NO from endothelial cells
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main use pulmonary hypertension
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NO nitric oxide - CORRECT ANSWER -NO can be thought of as a vasorelaxant equivalent of ET NO is
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released from the endothelial cells into vascular smooth muscle
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promotes the activity of guanylate cyclase (sGC) which then promotes cyclic GMP this
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reduces intracellular CA2+ resulting in vasodilation
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Riociguat - CORRECT ANSWER - v v v v




directly stimulates activity of soluble guanylate cyclase (used for pulimary hypertension) lowering
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intercellular calcium
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Prostacyclin - CORRECT ANSWERV-mainly used for pulmonary hypertension v v v v v v v




stimulates AC to produce more cAMP, which reduces intercellular CA2+ therefore
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prostacyclin relaxes blood vessels in the pulmonary circulation
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Endothelial derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) - CORRECT ANSWERV- v v v v v v v




Release of EDHF results in opening of calcium channel, and hyperpolarization
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hyperpolarization inhibits calcium channel, preventing entry of Ca2+ into the vasscular smooth mussle resulting v v v v v v v v v v v v v




in relaxation (dilation over constriction)
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Thiazides (group) - CORRECT ANSWERV-most commonly used diretic Furosemide -
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CORRECT ANSWER -
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Loop diretic (forces people to go to the bathroom alot< high chance that patient stops taking medicatio
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n beacuse of this)
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Spironolactone - CORRECT ANSWER -K+ sparing diretic prevents potasium loss v v v v v v v v v




Angiotensisn II - CORRECT ANSWER -Binds to the AT1 receptor
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main physiological actions include
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Aldosterone synthesis and secretion v v v




NaCl reabsorption
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release v v v




******vasoconstriction through an increase in Ca2+ in the vascular smooth muscle v v v v v v v v v v




v Ramipril - CORRECT ANSWER -all ACE inhibitors end in -pril
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, inhibits vasoconstriction v




inhibits aldosterone secretion (Na retention)
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Inhibits NaCL reabsobtion v v




inhibit ADH release
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****increased vasodilation through BK v v v




result Decreased SVR v v




and an increase in natriuresis and diuresis
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Losartan - CORRECT ANSWER -Angiotensing receptor blockers (ARBs) no
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effect on bradykinin
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less coughv




less angioedema
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Aliskiren - CORRECT ANSWER -Direct renin inhibitors (DRI)
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theory patients 'resistant' to other RAS inhibitors might respond well to DRI
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practice DRI has not been popular, first in the line of drugs
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Nifedipine - CORRECT ANSWER -(-ipine) v v v v




Dihydropyridines act on the vasculature > heart
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pharmacodynamics
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vasodilation (primary) v




arterial>venous
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reduces contractility
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*****mainly dilates v




Verapamil and Diltiazem - CORRECT ANSWER -non-dihydropyridines
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both have a greater impact on the heart than dihydropyridines but still, retain vascular effects pharmacodynamic
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actions
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reduce heart rate v v




reduce contractility
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vasodilation
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nifedipine - CORRECT ANSWER -rapid onset calcium blocker Amlodipine -
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v CORRECT ANSWER -slower onset calcium blocker Propranolol - v v v v v v v




CORRECT ANSWER -Beta antagonist blockers
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(-lol)
pharmacodynamic actions v




decrease heart rate, contractility (b1) v v v v




decrease renin secretion (b1) decrease
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SNS activity (b1)
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reduces BP by reducing cardiac output and
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by reducing activation of RAS
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Metoprolol - CORRECT ANSWERV-Beta blocker B1 v v v v v




cardioselective
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propranolol - CORRECT ANSWERV-Beta blocker B1 and B2 v v v v v v v