HESI FUNDAMENTALS EXAM/HESI FUNDAMENTALS
TEST BANK EXAM NEWEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES A
NEW UPDATED VERSION LATEST 2026-2027 (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS)
A client with acute hemorrhagic anemia is to receive four units of packed RBCs (red blood cells)
as rapidly as possible. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?
A) Obtain the pre-transfusion hemoglobin level.
B) Prime the tubing and prepare a blood pump set-up.
C) Monitor vital signs q15 minutes for the first hour.
D) Ensure the accuracy of the blood type match. - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Ensure the accuracy of
the blood type match
All interventions should be implemented prior to administering blood, but (D) has the highest
priority. Any time blood is administered, the nurse should ensure the accuracy of the blood type
match in order to prevent a possible hemolytic reaction
On admission, a client presents a signed living will that includes a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
prescription. When the client stops breathing, the nurse performs cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) and successfully revives the client. What legal issues could be brought
against the nurse?
,A) Assault.
B) Battery.
C) Malpractice.
D) False imprisonment. - CORRECT ANSWER-B) Battery
Civil laws protect individual rights and include intentional torts, such as assault (an intentional
threat to engage in harmful contact with another) or battery (unwanted touching). Performing
any procedure against the client's wishes can potentially poise a legal issue, such as battery (B),
even if the procedure is of questionable benefit to the client. (A, C, and D) are not examples
against the client's request
An elderly male client who is unresponsive following a cerebral vascular accident (CVA) is
receiving bolus enteral feedings though a gastrostomy tube. What is the best client position for
administration of the bolus tube feedings?
A) Prone.
B) Fowler's.
C) Sims'.
D) Supine. - CORRECT ANSWER-B) Fowler's
The client should be positioned in a semi-sitting (Fowler's) (B) position during feeding to
decrease the occurrence of aspiration. A gastrostomy tube, known as a PEG tube, due to
placement by a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy procedure, is inserted directly into the
stomach through an incision in the abdomen for long-term administration of nutrition and
hydration in the debilitated client. In (A and/or C), the client is placed on the abdomen, an
unsafe position for feeding. Placing the client in (D) increases the risk of aspiration
An older client who is a resident in a long term care facility has been bedridden for a week.
Which finding should the nurse identify as a client risk factor for pressure ulcers?
,A) Generalized dry skin.
B) Localized dry skin on lower extremities.
C) Red flush over entire skin surface.
D) Rashes in the axillary, groin, and skin fold regions - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Rashes in the
axillary, groin, and skin fold regions
Immobility, constant contact with bed clothing, and excessive heat and moisture in areas where
air flow is limited contributes to bacterial and fungal growth, which increases the risk for rashes
(D), skin breakdown, and the development of pressure ulcers. (A, B, and C) do not address the
concepts of inflammation and tissue integrity
When turning an immobile bedridden client without assistance, which action by the nurse best
ensures client safety?
A. Securely grasp the client's arm and leg.
B. Put bed rails up on the side of bed opposite from the nurse.
C. Correctly position and use a turn sheet.
D. Lower the head of the client's bed slowly. - CORRECT ANSWER-B
Rationale: Because the nurse can only stand on one side of the bed, bed rails should be up on
the opposite side to ensure that the client does not fall out of bed. Option A can cause client
injury to the skin or joint. Options C and D are useful techniques while turning a client but have
less priority in terms of safety than use of the bed rails.
The nurse identifies a potential for infection in a client with partial-thickness (second-degree)
and full-thickness (third-degree) burns. What intervention has the highest priority in decreasing
the client's risk of infection?
A. Administration of plasma expanders
B. Use of careful handwashing technique
, C. Application of a topical antibacterial cream
D. Limiting visitors to the client with burns - CORRECT ANSWER-B
Rationale: Careful handwashing technique is the single most effective intervention for the
prevention of contamination to all clients. Option A reverses the hypovolemia that initially
accompanies burn trauma but is not related to decreasing the proliferation of infective
organisms. Options C and D are recommended by various burn centers as possible ways to
reduce the chance of infection. Option B is a proven technique to prevent infection.
The nurse is aware that malnutrition is a common problem among clients served by a
community health clinic for the homeless. Which laboratory value is the most reliable indicator
of chronic protein malnutrition?
A. Low serum albumin level
B. Low serum transferrin level
C. High hemoglobin level
D. High cholesterol level - CORRECT ANSWER-A
Rationale: Long-term protein deficiency is required to cause significantly lowered serum
albumin levels. Albumin is made by the liver only when adequate amounts of amino acids (from
protein breakdown) are available. Albumin has a long half-life, so acute protein loss does not
significantly alter serum levels. Option B is a serum protein with a half-life of only 8 to 10 days,
so it will drop with an acute protein deficiency. Options C and D are not clinical measures of
protein malnutrition.
In completing a client's preoperative routine, the nurse finds that the operative permit is not
signed. The client begins to ask more questions about the surgical procedure. Which action
should the nurse take next?
A. Witness the client's signature to the permit.
B. Answer the client's questions about the surgery.
C. Inform the surgeon that the operative permit is not signed and the client has questions about
the surgery.
D. Reassure the client that the surgeon will answer any questions before the anesthesia is
administered. - CORRECT ANSWER-C
TEST BANK EXAM NEWEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES A
NEW UPDATED VERSION LATEST 2026-2027 (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS)
A client with acute hemorrhagic anemia is to receive four units of packed RBCs (red blood cells)
as rapidly as possible. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?
A) Obtain the pre-transfusion hemoglobin level.
B) Prime the tubing and prepare a blood pump set-up.
C) Monitor vital signs q15 minutes for the first hour.
D) Ensure the accuracy of the blood type match. - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Ensure the accuracy of
the blood type match
All interventions should be implemented prior to administering blood, but (D) has the highest
priority. Any time blood is administered, the nurse should ensure the accuracy of the blood type
match in order to prevent a possible hemolytic reaction
On admission, a client presents a signed living will that includes a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
prescription. When the client stops breathing, the nurse performs cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) and successfully revives the client. What legal issues could be brought
against the nurse?
,A) Assault.
B) Battery.
C) Malpractice.
D) False imprisonment. - CORRECT ANSWER-B) Battery
Civil laws protect individual rights and include intentional torts, such as assault (an intentional
threat to engage in harmful contact with another) or battery (unwanted touching). Performing
any procedure against the client's wishes can potentially poise a legal issue, such as battery (B),
even if the procedure is of questionable benefit to the client. (A, C, and D) are not examples
against the client's request
An elderly male client who is unresponsive following a cerebral vascular accident (CVA) is
receiving bolus enteral feedings though a gastrostomy tube. What is the best client position for
administration of the bolus tube feedings?
A) Prone.
B) Fowler's.
C) Sims'.
D) Supine. - CORRECT ANSWER-B) Fowler's
The client should be positioned in a semi-sitting (Fowler's) (B) position during feeding to
decrease the occurrence of aspiration. A gastrostomy tube, known as a PEG tube, due to
placement by a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy procedure, is inserted directly into the
stomach through an incision in the abdomen for long-term administration of nutrition and
hydration in the debilitated client. In (A and/or C), the client is placed on the abdomen, an
unsafe position for feeding. Placing the client in (D) increases the risk of aspiration
An older client who is a resident in a long term care facility has been bedridden for a week.
Which finding should the nurse identify as a client risk factor for pressure ulcers?
,A) Generalized dry skin.
B) Localized dry skin on lower extremities.
C) Red flush over entire skin surface.
D) Rashes in the axillary, groin, and skin fold regions - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Rashes in the
axillary, groin, and skin fold regions
Immobility, constant contact with bed clothing, and excessive heat and moisture in areas where
air flow is limited contributes to bacterial and fungal growth, which increases the risk for rashes
(D), skin breakdown, and the development of pressure ulcers. (A, B, and C) do not address the
concepts of inflammation and tissue integrity
When turning an immobile bedridden client without assistance, which action by the nurse best
ensures client safety?
A. Securely grasp the client's arm and leg.
B. Put bed rails up on the side of bed opposite from the nurse.
C. Correctly position and use a turn sheet.
D. Lower the head of the client's bed slowly. - CORRECT ANSWER-B
Rationale: Because the nurse can only stand on one side of the bed, bed rails should be up on
the opposite side to ensure that the client does not fall out of bed. Option A can cause client
injury to the skin or joint. Options C and D are useful techniques while turning a client but have
less priority in terms of safety than use of the bed rails.
The nurse identifies a potential for infection in a client with partial-thickness (second-degree)
and full-thickness (third-degree) burns. What intervention has the highest priority in decreasing
the client's risk of infection?
A. Administration of plasma expanders
B. Use of careful handwashing technique
, C. Application of a topical antibacterial cream
D. Limiting visitors to the client with burns - CORRECT ANSWER-B
Rationale: Careful handwashing technique is the single most effective intervention for the
prevention of contamination to all clients. Option A reverses the hypovolemia that initially
accompanies burn trauma but is not related to decreasing the proliferation of infective
organisms. Options C and D are recommended by various burn centers as possible ways to
reduce the chance of infection. Option B is a proven technique to prevent infection.
The nurse is aware that malnutrition is a common problem among clients served by a
community health clinic for the homeless. Which laboratory value is the most reliable indicator
of chronic protein malnutrition?
A. Low serum albumin level
B. Low serum transferrin level
C. High hemoglobin level
D. High cholesterol level - CORRECT ANSWER-A
Rationale: Long-term protein deficiency is required to cause significantly lowered serum
albumin levels. Albumin is made by the liver only when adequate amounts of amino acids (from
protein breakdown) are available. Albumin has a long half-life, so acute protein loss does not
significantly alter serum levels. Option B is a serum protein with a half-life of only 8 to 10 days,
so it will drop with an acute protein deficiency. Options C and D are not clinical measures of
protein malnutrition.
In completing a client's preoperative routine, the nurse finds that the operative permit is not
signed. The client begins to ask more questions about the surgical procedure. Which action
should the nurse take next?
A. Witness the client's signature to the permit.
B. Answer the client's questions about the surgery.
C. Inform the surgeon that the operative permit is not signed and the client has questions about
the surgery.
D. Reassure the client that the surgeon will answer any questions before the anesthesia is
administered. - CORRECT ANSWER-C
